Mice and Rats Exhibit Striking Inter-species Differences in Gene Response to Acute Stroke.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34350530", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:40587f5873e0b4ea720a786f67bea0e7d4bce1ff1e131fe282dec349f968e514", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:35:52Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:25:58Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Mice and Rats Exhibit Striking Inter-species Differences in Gene Response to Acute Stroke.", "doi": "10.1007/s10571-021-01138-8", "pmid": "34350530", "authors": ["Qiu Jing Wu", "Xiujun Sun", "Lucy Teves", "Diana Mayor", "Michael Tymianski"], "journal": "Cellular and molecular neurobiology", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Neuroprotection in acute stroke has not been successfully translated from animals to humans. Animal research on promising agents continues largely in rats and mice which are commonly available to researchers. However, controversies continue on the most suitable species to model the human situation. Generally, putative agents seem less effective in mice as compared with rats. We hypothesized that this may be due to inter-species differences in stroke response and that this might be manifest at a genetic level. Here we used whole-genome microarrays to examine the differential gene regulation in the ischemic penumbra of mice and rats at 2 and 6 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO; Raw microarray CEL data files are available in the GEO database with an accession number GSE163654). Differentially expressed genes (adj. p ≤ 0.05) were organized by hierarchical clustering, correlation plots, Venn diagrams and pathway analyses in each species and at each time-point. Emphasis was placed on genes already known to be associated with stroke, including validation by RT-PCR. Gene expression patterns in the ischemic penumbra differed strikingly between the species at both 2 h and 6 h. Nearly 90% of significantly regulated genes and most pathways modulated by ischemia differed between mice and rats. These differences were evident globally, among stroke-associated genes, immediate early genes, genes implicated in stress response, inflammation, neuroprotection, ion channels, and signal transduction. The findings of this study may have significant implications for the choice of species for screening putative stroke therapies.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Differentially expressed genes (adj. p ≤ 0.05) were organized by hierarchical clustering, correlation plots, Venn diagrams and pathway analyses in each species and at each time-point.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34350530", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Differentially expressed genes (adj. p ≤ 0.05) were organized by hierarchical clustering, correlation plots, Venn diagrams and pathway analyses in each species and at each time-point."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Raw microarray CEL data files are available in the GEO database with an accession number GSE163654)", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34350530", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Raw microarray CEL data files are available in the GEO database with an accession number GSE163654)"}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Nearly 90% of significantly regulated genes and most pathways modulated by ischemia differed between mice and rats.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 90.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "Nearly 90% of significantly regulated genes and most pathways modulated by ischemia differed between mice and rats."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34350530", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Nearly 90% of significantly regulated genes and most pathways modulated by ischemia differed between mice and rats."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Nearly 90% of significantly regulated genes and most pathways modulated by ischemia differed between mice and rats.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34350530"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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