Bioinformatic Analysis for Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets of T2DM-related MI.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34413670", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 8, "content_hash": "sha256:cc7d0599f76e7209ea8b4ee6ee54347d4f6dc70ccb496f4ed5e0d308258b6391", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:48Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:47:20Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Bioinformatic Analysis for Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets of T2DM-related MI.", "doi": "10.2147/IJGM.S325980", "pmid": "34413670", "authors": ["Chan Li", "Zhaoya Liu"], "journal": "International journal of general medicine", "year": 2021, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a major risk factor of coronary heart disease, is associated with an approximately twofold increase in the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). We studied co-expressed genes to demonstrate relationships between DM and MI and revealed the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of T2DM-related MI.\nMETHODS: DM and MI-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by bioinformatic analysis, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE42148 and GSE61144 of MI patients, and the normal control and GSE26168 and GSE15932 of DM patients and normal controls, respectively. Further target prediction and network analysis method were used to detect protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, gene ontology (GO) terms, and pathway enrichment of DEGs. Co-expressed DEGs of T2DM-related MI were analyzed as well.\nRESULTS: We identified 210 upregulated and 127 downregulated DEGs in T2DM, as well as 264 upregulated and 242 downregulated DEGs in MI. Eighteen upregulated and four downregulated DEGs were identified as co-DEGs of T2DM and MI. Functional analysis revealed that T2DM-related DEGs were mostly enriched in the viral process and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, while MI-related DEGs were mostly enriched in protein phosphorylation and TNF signaling pathway. MPO, MMP9, CAMP, LTF, AZU1, DEFA4, STAT3, and PECAM1 were recognized as the hub genes of the co-DEGs with acceptable diagnostic values in T2DM and MI datasets. Adenosine receptor agonist IB-MECA was predicted to be a potential drug for T2DM-related MI with the highest CMap connectivity score.\nCONCLUSION: Our study identified that the co-DEGs of MPO, MMP9, CAMP, LTF, AZU1, DEFA4, STAT3, and PECAM1 are significantly associated with novel biomarkers involved in T2DM-related MI. However, more experimental research and clinical trials are demanded to verify our results.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "To preprocess the data and screen DEGs between patients and controls, limma package in R-platform (R-project.org) was used and statistical difference was defined as p-value <0.05.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34413670", "locator": "sections[4] \"Identification of DEGs\" paragraph 2", "quote": "To preprocess the data and screen DEGs between patients and controls, limma package in R-platform (R-project.org) was used and statistical difference was defined as p-value <0.05."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34413670", "locator": "sections[18] \"Data Sharing Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34413670"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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