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pmid:34490029

Immune-Related Genes Are Prognostic Markers for Prostate Cancer Recurrence.

Min Fu · Qiang Wang · Hanbo Wang · Yun Dai · Jin Wang · Weiting Kang · Zilian Cui · Xunbo Jin

Frontiers in genetics · 2021 doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.639642

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Experiment

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Data

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Record details sci_version · id · kind · revision · content_hash · schema · created_at · updated_at · generator
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pmid:34490029
kind
science-record
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sha256:adf2113ea3740cc1d7f2a05d295fe43bbe0be43588e33e4ee717e961d1210d84
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2026-11-01T15:41:50Z
updated_at
2026-11-01T22:04:39Z
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paper object · 10 fields
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title
Immune-Related Genes Are Prognostic Markers for Prostate Cancer Recurrence.
doi
10.3389/fgene.2021.639642
pmid
34490029
authors array · 8 items
[0]
Min Fu
[1]
Qiang Wang
[2]
Hanbo Wang
[3]
Yun Dai
[4]
Jin Wang
[5]
Weiting Kang
[6]
Zilian Cui
[7]
Xunbo Jin
journal
Frontiers in genetics
year
2021
abstract
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is an immune-responsive disease. The current study sought to explore a robust immune-related prognostic gene signature for PCa. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GSE46602 database for performing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression model analysis. Immune related genes (IRGs) data were retrieved from ImmPort database. RESULTS: The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that nine functional modules are correlated with the biochemical recurrence of PCa, including 259 IRGs. Univariate regression analysis and survival analysis identified 35 IRGs correlated with the prognosis of PCa. LASSO Cox regression model analysis was used to construct a risk prognosis model comprising 18 IRGs. Multivariate regression analysis showed that risk score was an independent predictor of the prognosis of PCa. A nomogram comprising a combination of this model and other clinical features showed good prediction accuracy in predicting the prognosis of PCa. Further analysis showed that different risk groups harbored different gene mutations, differential transcriptome expression and different immune infiltration levels. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited more gene mutations compared with those in the low-risk group. Patients in the high-risk groups showed high-frequency mutations in TP53. Immune infiltration analysis showed that M2 macrophages were significantly enriched in the high-risk group implying that it affected prognosis of PCa patients. In addition, immunostimulatory genes were differentially expressed in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group. BIRC5, as an immune-related gene in the prediction model, was up-regulated in 87.5% of prostate cancer tissues. Knockdown of BIRC5 can inhibit cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION: In summary, a risk prognosis model based on IGRs was developed. A nomogram comprising a combination of this model and other clinical features showed good accuracy in predicting the prognosis of PCa. This model provides a basis for personalized treatment of PCa and can help clinicians in making effective treatment decisions.
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Expression data from prostate cancer and benign prostate glands
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Construction and Internal Validation of Prognostic Signatures
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Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors in the TCGA Data set, and independent validation data set.
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Validation of Risk Score as an Independent Prognostic Factor
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Data were retrieved from the tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GSE46602 database for performing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression model analysis.
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gulated in 87.5% of prostate cancer tissues. Knockdown of BIRC5 can inhibit cell proliferation and
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ues and matched normal tissues were used for qPCR analysis. All patients signed informed conse
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Data were retrieved from the tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GSE46602 database for performing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression model analysis.
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Complete file
{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34490029", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:adf2113ea3740cc1d7f2a05d295fe43bbe0be43588e33e4ee717e961d1210d84", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:50Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:04:39Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Immune-Related Genes Are Prognostic Markers for Prostate Cancer Recurrence.", "doi": "10.3389/fgene.2021.639642", "pmid": "34490029", "authors": ["Min Fu", "Qiang Wang", "Hanbo Wang", "Yun Dai", "Jin Wang", "Weiting Kang", "Zilian Cui", "Xunbo Jin"], "journal": "Frontiers in genetics", "year": 2021, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is an immune-responsive disease. The current study sought to explore a robust immune-related prognostic gene signature for PCa.\nMETHODS: Data were retrieved from the tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GSE46602 database for performing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression model analysis. Immune related genes (IRGs) data were retrieved from ImmPort database.\nRESULTS: The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that nine functional modules are correlated with the biochemical recurrence of PCa, including 259 IRGs. Univariate regression analysis and survival analysis identified 35 IRGs correlated with the prognosis of PCa. LASSO Cox regression model analysis was used to construct a risk prognosis model comprising 18 IRGs. Multivariate regression analysis showed that risk score was an independent predictor of the prognosis of PCa. A nomogram comprising a combination of this model and other clinical features showed good prediction accuracy in predicting the prognosis of PCa. Further analysis showed that different risk groups harbored different gene mutations, differential transcriptome expression and different immune infiltration levels. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited more gene mutations compared with those in the low-risk group. Patients in the high-risk groups showed high-frequency mutations in TP53. Immune infiltration analysis showed that M2 macrophages were significantly enriched in the high-risk group implying that it affected prognosis of PCa patients. In addition, immunostimulatory genes were differentially expressed in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group. BIRC5, as an immune-related gene in the prediction model, was up-regulated in 87.5% of prostate cancer tissues. Knockdown of BIRC5 can inhibit cell proliferation and migration.\nCONCLUSION: In summary, a risk prognosis model based on IGRs was developed. A nomogram comprising a combination of this model and other clinical features showed good accuracy in predicting the prognosis of PCa. This model provides a basis for personalized treatment of PCa and can help clinicians in making effective treatment decisions.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Data were retrieved from the tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GSE46602 database for performing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression model analysis.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34490029", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Data were retrieved from the tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GSE46602 database for performing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression model analysis."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34490029", "locator": "sections[31] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34490029"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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