RSV Promotes Epithelial Neuroendocrine Phenotype Differentiation through NODAL Signaling Pathway.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34541002", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 8, "content_hash": "sha256:c362c05f9f4757a842515c36c55c660b9d4d8011fab9791579e81af1b0a825da", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:53Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:47:33Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "RSV Promotes Epithelial Neuroendocrine Phenotype Differentiation through NODAL Signaling Pathway.", "doi": "10.1155/2021/9956078", "pmid": "34541002", "authors": ["Dan Liu", "Zhongxiang Tang", "Kezi Qiu", "Ousman Bajinka", "Lili Wang", "Ling Qin", "Yurong Tan"], "journal": "BioMed research international", "year": 2021, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects infants and children, predisposing them to development of asthma during adulthood. Epithelial neuroendocrine phenotypes may be associated with development of asthma. This study hopes to ascertain if RSV infection promotes epithelial neuroendocrine phenotypes through the NODAL signaling pathway.\nMETHODS: The GSE6802 data set was obtained from the GEO database, and the differential genes were analyzed using the R language. An in vitro model was constructed with RSV infected human respiratory epithelial cells, and then real-time qPCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of different epithelial biomarkers and airway neuropeptides. The acute and chronic infection model of RSV infection was established by intranasal injection of RSV into guinea pigs. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells markers ENO2 and neuropeptides.\nRESULTS: The expression levels of ENO2, SP, CGRP, and NODAL/ACTRII were significantly higher in the RSV infection group than those of the control group, which were abrogated by siRNA-NODAL. In vivo, we found that the expression levels of ENO2, SP, and CGRP were significantly higher than that of the control group.\nCONCLUSION: RSV promotes epithelial neuroendocrine phenotypes through the NODAL signaling pathway.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "SPSS21.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. t-test was used for comparison between two groups, two-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and LSD was used for posthoc test. p < 0.01 was considered significant. The data set GSE6802 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34541002", "locator": "sections[12] \"2.10. 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