Establishment and Validation of a Prognostic Immune Signature in Neuroblastoma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34569303", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 7, "content_hash": "sha256:4efedf667a96c815b43a800a01eae7da082bb0d2a7fd66bc6cf1a059585123d7", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:54Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:04:49Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Establishment and Validation of a Prognostic Immune Signature in Neuroblastoma.", "doi": "10.1177/10732748211033751", "pmid": "34569303", "authors": ["Yunhu Yu", "Yu Zeng", "Xiangping Xia", "Jian-Guo Zhou", "Fang Cao"], "journal": "Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center", "year": 2021, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, and patients with high-risk neuroblastoma had a relatively poor prognosis despite multimodal treatment. To improve immunotherapy efficacy in neuroblastoma, systematic profiling of the immune landscape in neuroblastoma is an urgent need.\nMETHODS: RNA-seq and according clinical information of neuroblastoma were downloaded from the TARGET database and GEO database (GSE62564). With an immune-related-gene set obtained from the ImmPort database, Immune-related Prognostic Gene Pairs for Neuroblastoma (IPGPN) for overall survival (OS) were established with the TARGET-NBL cohort and then verified with the GEO-NBL cohort. Immune cell infiltration analysis was subsequently performed. The integrated model was established with IPGPN and clinicopathological parameters. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed with the XCELL algorithm. Functional enrichment analysis was performed with clusterProfiler package in R.\nRESULTS: Immune-related Prognostic Gene Pairs for Neuroblastoma was successfully established with seven immune-related gene pairs (IGPs) involving 13 unique genes in the training cohort. In the training cohort, IPGPN successfully stratified neuroblastoma patients into a high and low immune-risk groups with different OS (HR=3.92, P = 2 × 10-8) and event-free survival (HR=3.66, P=2 × 10-8). ROC curve analysis confirmed its predictive power. Consistently, high IPGPN also predicted worse OS (HR=1.84, P = .002) and EFS in validation cohort (HR=1.38, P = .06) Moreover, higher activated dendritic cells, M1 macrophage, Th1 CD4+, and Th2 CD4+ T cell enrichment were evident in low immune-risk group. Further integrating IPGPN with age and stage demonstrated improved predictive performance than IPGPN alone.\nCONCLUSION: Herein, we presented an immune landscape with IPGPN for prognosis prediction in neuroblastoma, which complements the present understanding of the immune signature in neuroblastoma.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "With the remaining IGPs, an immune signature IPGPN was established with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34569303", "locator": "sections[5] \"Establishment and Validation of Immune-Related Prognostic Gene Pairs for Neuroblastoma (IPGPN)\" paragraph 2", "quote": "With the remaining IGPs, an immune signature IPGPN was established with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": null, "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34569303"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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