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pmid:34569899

Integrated Analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptome profile to identify key features of age-related macular degeneration.

Zhijie Wang · Yinhua Huang · Feixue Chu · Kai Liao · Zekai Cui · Jiansu Chen · Shibo Tang

Bioengineered · 2021 doi:10.1080/21655979.2021.1976502

Paper

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title
Integrated Analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptome profile to identify key features of age-related macular degeneration.
doi
10.1080/21655979.2021.1976502
pmid
34569899
authors array · 7 items
[0]
Zhijie Wang
[1]
Yinhua Huang
[2]
Feixue Chu
[3]
Kai Liao
[4]
Zekai Cui
[5]
Jiansu Chen
[6]
Shibo Tang
journal
Bioengineered
year
2021
abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common vision-threatening disease. The current study sought to integrate DNA methylation with transcriptome profile to explore key features in AMD. Gene expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, accession ID: GSE135092) and DNA methylation data were obtained from the ArrayExpress repository (E-MTAB-7183). A total of 456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 4827 intragenic differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) were identified between AMD and controls. DEGs and DMCs were intersected and 19 epigenetically induced (EI) genes and 15 epigenetically suppressed (ES) genes were identified. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to estimate the abundance of different types of immune cell in each sample. Enrichment scores of inflammatory response and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) signaling via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κb) were positively correlated with abundance of activated memory CD4 T cells and M1 macrophages. Subsequently, two significant random forest classifiers were constructed based on DNA methylation and transcriptome data. SMAD2 and NGFR were selected as key genes through functional epigenetic modules (FEM) analysis. Expression level of SMAD2, NGFR and their integrating proteins was validated in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and TNFα co-treated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro. The findings of the current study showed that local inflammation and systemic inflammatory host response play key roles in pathogenesis of AMD. SMAD2 and NGFR provide new insight in understanding the molecular mechanism and are potential therapeutic targets for development of AMD therapy.
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Integration of eQTL and single-cell transcriptomics in the human eye identifies causal genes for age-related macular degeneration
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Characteristics of the nine candidate key genes
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SMAD2 and NGFR were identified as hub gens through functional epigenetic module analysis
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Characteristics of the nine candidate key genes
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SMAD family member 2
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SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 2
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{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34569899", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:11806854bc1771887c04835969c26ec4777110efadd08e0f814b859a4dfafed1", "created_at": "2026-11-01T15:41:54Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:04:49Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Integrated Analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptome profile to identify key features of age-related macular degeneration.", "doi": "10.1080/21655979.2021.1976502", "pmid": "34569899", "authors": ["Zhijie Wang", "Yinhua Huang", "Feixue Chu", "Kai Liao", "Zekai Cui", "Jiansu Chen", "Shibo Tang"], "journal": "Bioengineered", "year": 2021, "abstract": "Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common vision-threatening disease. The current study sought to integrate DNA methylation with transcriptome profile to explore key features in AMD. Gene expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, accession ID: GSE135092) and DNA methylation data were obtained from the ArrayExpress repository (E-MTAB-7183). A total of 456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 4827 intragenic differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) were identified between AMD and controls. DEGs and DMCs were intersected and 19 epigenetically induced (EI) genes and 15 epigenetically suppressed (ES) genes were identified. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to estimate the abundance of different types of immune cell in each sample. Enrichment scores of inflammatory response and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) signaling via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κb) were positively correlated with abundance of activated memory CD4 T cells and M1 macrophages. Subsequently, two significant random forest classifiers were constructed based on DNA methylation and transcriptome data. SMAD2 and NGFR were selected as key genes through functional epigenetic modules (FEM) analysis. Expression level of SMAD2, NGFR and their integrating proteins was validated in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and TNFα co-treated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro. The findings of the current study showed that local inflammation and systemic inflammatory host response play key roles in pathogenesis of AMD. 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"platform": "16791", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Integration of eQTL and single-cell transcriptomics in the human eye identifies causal genes for age-related macular degeneration", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "asset:table:pmid:34569899:1", "role": "table", "format": "jats-table", "media_type": "application/vnd.jats.table+json", "uri": null, "sha256": "sha256:bedfeaea327cf6e0f83676c58f4ae344bed70794c11ecd140e06e1202edb4511", "bytes": 1338, "access": "open", "state": "verified", "reader": "read_table", "reader_status": "available", "identifier": "section[20]/table-wrap[1]#t0001", "version": null, "note": "Characteristics of the nine candidate key genes", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8806579", "section_index": 20, "section_title": "SMAD2 and NGFR were identified as hub gens through functional epigenetic module analysis", "row_count": 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