Overexpression of FGF2 delays the progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34663382", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:1a076186b175b3be2b6cacd4ee73469154be991406b3efdfe6487053c154e6df", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:19Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:47:44Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Overexpression of FGF2 delays the progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.", "doi": "10.1186/s13018-021-02715-9", "pmid": "34663382", "authors": ["Pei Lu", "Yi-Min Shen", "Ting Hua", "Ting Pan", "Gang Chen", "Teng Dai", "Ke-Qin Shi"], "journal": "Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research", "year": 2021, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to explore the role and underlying mechanism of FGF-2 in dexamethasone (DEX)-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells.\nMETHODS: GSE21727 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by the limma/R package. MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to DEX at different concentrations (0, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L), and cell viability, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. An FGF-2-pcDNA3 plasmid (oe-FGF-2) was used to overexpress FGF-2, and western blotting was conducted to detect protein expression.\nRESULTS: We found that FGF-2 was downregulated in the DEX-treated group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that DEGs were associated with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. DEX downregulated FGF-2 gene and protein expression, inhibited viability and induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis. Overexpression of FGF-2 reversed DEX-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. FGF-2-mediated anti-apoptosis was impaired by inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway with LY294002. Moreover, overexpression of FGF2 delayed the progression of DEX-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) animal model by regulation PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.\nCONCLUSION: In conclusion, FGF-2 is effective at inhibiting DEX-induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "GSE21727 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by the limma/R package.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34663382", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "GSE21727 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by the limma/R package."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "We state that the data will not be shared since all the raw data are present in the figures included in the article.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34663382", "locator": "sections[27] \"Availability of data and materials\" paragraph 2", "quote": "We state that the data will not be shared since all the raw data are present in the figures included in the article."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "FGF-2 is effective at inhibiting DEX-induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34663382", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "In conclusion, FGF-2 is effective at inhibiting DEX-induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "FGF-2 is effective at inhibiting DEX-induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34663382"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE21727"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE21727"], "statements": ["We state that the data will not be shared since all the raw data are present in the figures included in the article."], "basis": "The paper names GSE21727 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. 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METHODS: GSE21727 was dow", "y were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. An FGF-2-pcDNA3 plasmid (oe-FGF-2) was used", "nhibited viability and induced MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis. Overexpression of FGF-2 reversed DEX-induce", "Overexpression of FGF-2 reversed DEX-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. FGF-2-mediated anti-apopt"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:215", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "flow_cytometry", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["6, 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L), and cell viability, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were used to detect cell pro"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:530", "id": "assay:2"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "western_blot", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["oe-FGF-2) was used to overexpress FGF-2, and western blotting was conducted to detect protein expression.", "asmids of FGF-2 is successfully constructed. Western blot assay was performed to assess the FGF-2 expr"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:685", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "transfection", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["terials and methods Cell culture and plasmid transfection The mouse preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 w", "dish (NEST, Hong Kong, China) for transient transfection. DMEM (1 mL) containing 10% FBS was added to", "nd the cells were cultured for 24 h prior to transfection. Transfection was performed using Lipofectam", "ere cultured for 24 h prior to transfection. Transfection was performed using Lipofectamine 3000 (Ther"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1589", "id": "assay:4"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "animal_model", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["y of bilateral distal femur once a week. All rats were housed under specific pathogen-free conditio", "ds Cell culture and plasmid transfection The mouse preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 was obtaine", "previously [24]. Fifteen male Sprague–Dawley rats (weighing 250–300 g) were randomly divided i", "y of bilateral distal femur once a week. All rats were housed under specific pathogen-free con"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1606", "id": "assay:5"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "ihc", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["tration with FGF-2 overexpression plasmid. b Immunohistochemistry results of the p-Akt expression in femoral h"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:4640", "id": "assay:6"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "differential_expression", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["GSE21727 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by the limma/R package."], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:7"}]}