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pmid:34703677
Integrative analysis of miRNA-mRNA network in idiopathic membranous nephropathy by bioinformatics analysis.
Wenfang He · Jinshi Zhang · Shizhu Yuan · Mingzhu Liang · Weidong Chen · Juan Jin
PeerJ · 2021 doi:10.7717/peerj.12271
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Experiment
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Analysis
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Complete file
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But the pathomechanisms of IMN still need to be further claried. Understanding the mechanisms of IMN is required to improve its diagnosis and treatment.\nMETHODS: In this study, we constructed miRNA regulatory networks to investigate IMN development. Moreover, miRNAs and mRNAs that were differentially expressed between Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN) patients and normal controls were examined using the GSE115857 dataset and our previous sequence study. DE miRNA target genes were determined based on the FUNRICH software, starBase, miRDB, and miRWalk, and an miRNA-mRNA network was designed using DE-mRNAs that were negatively correlated with DE-miRNAs. The miRNA-mRNA network contained 228 miRNA-mRNA pairs. Thereafter, we conducted KEGG pathway, GO functional annotation, immune-related gene screening, protein interaction networks, and potential hub gene analyses. Furthermore, 10 miRNAs and 10 genes were determined and preliminarily validated using the validation dataset from GEO. Finally, we identified which pair may offer more accurate diagnosis and therapeutic targets for IMN.\nRESULTS: Two miRNA-mRNA pairs, miR-155-5p-FOS and miR-146a-5p-BTG2, were differentially expressed in IMN, indicating that these genes may affect IMN through immune processes. These findings may offer more accurate diagnoses and therapeutic targets for IMN.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) between IMN and non-IMN volunteer samples of GSE115857 were identified using the limma package in R (version 3.36.3) (Gentleman et al., 2004) with thresholds of —logFC—>1 and adjusted P-values <0.05. 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Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) between the IMN and non-IMN volunteer samples were assessed using the EdgeR package (edgeR 3.14.0) (Robinson, McCarthy & Smyth, 2010) in R."}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": "differential_expression", "specific": "limma_voom", "label": "Differential expression analysis", "dsl_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["count_matrix_with_condition"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "limma"}}, {"id": "method-3", "family": "network_analysis", "specific": "pathway_enrichment", "label": "Network / pathway analysis", "dsl_operations": ["pathway_enrich"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["edge_list"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "GO enrichment"}}], "targets": [], "gaps": []}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: edger."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE115857", "GSE133288", "GSE64306"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE115857", "GSE133288", "GSE64306"], "statements": ["The expression data is available at GEO: GSE115857, GSE133288, GSE64306."], "basis": "The paper names GSE115857, GSE133288, GSE64306 in GEO and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "assets": ["source:pmid:34703677", "data:geo:GSE115857"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE115857"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T17:05:01Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 7338, "completion_tokens": 1967, "cached_tokens": 256}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:34703677", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:34703677"}, {"id": "source:pmid:34703677", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 34703677 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE115857", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE115857"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:34703677", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:34703677"}, {"id": "source:pmid:34703677", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 34703677 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE115857", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE115857"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-34703677", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:34703677"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE115857", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE115857"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:34703677", "parent_hash": "sha256:fe1c613c3282122b72f1630b1cda3938f92b5703ca64c99c925ca2a2d3b38a03", "fork_of": null, "generation": 4}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE115857 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE115857 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE133288 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE133288 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE64306 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE64306 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "differential_expression", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["Differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) between IMN and non-IMN volunteer samples of GSE115857 were identified using the limma package in R (version 3.36.3) (Gentleman et al., 2004) with thresholds of —logFC—>1 and adjusted P-values <0.05. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) between the IMN and non-IMN volunteer samples were assessed using the EdgeR package (edgeR 3.14.0) (Robinson, McCarthy & Smyth, 2010) in R."], "order_basis": "analysis_only", "id": "assay:1"}]}