Identification of hub genes associated with cognition in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's Disease.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34719328", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:8b307bc5ade086b5aef477c90005b6aaceef604e8bf7a3b303548e7c0d1fd229", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:23Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:47:47Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of hub genes associated with cognition in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's Disease.", "doi": "10.1080/21655979.2021.1999549", "pmid": "34719328", "authors": ["Yu-Jia Liu", "Tian-Tian Liu", "Lin-Hao Jiang", "Qian Liu", "Zheng-Liang Ma", "Tian-Jiao Xia", "Xiao-Ping Gu"], "journal": "Bioengineered", "year": 2021, "abstract": "Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease featured by cognitive impairment. This bioinformatic analysis was used to identify hub genes related to cognitive dysfunction in AD. The gene expression profile GSE48350 in the hippocampus of AD patients aged >70 years was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 96 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and subjected to Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses; a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The DEGs were enriched in synapse-related changes. A protein cluster was teased out of PPI. Furthermore, the cognition ranked the first among all the terms of biological process (BP). Next, 4 of 10 hub genes enriched in cognition were identified. The function of these genes was validated using APP/PS1 mice. Cognitive performance was validated by Morris Water Maze (MWM), and gene expression by RT-qPCR, Cholecystokinin (CCK), Tachykinin precursor 1 (TAC1), Calbindin 1 (CALB1) were downregulated in the hippocampus. These genes can provide new directions in the research of the molecular mechanism of AD.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "It was used to compare the gene expression between AD group and control group in our study.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34719328", "locator": "sections[6] \"Identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs)\" paragraph 2", "quote": "It was used to compare the gene expression between AD group and control group in our study."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "GSE48350 was based on GPL570 platform (HG-U133_Plus_2), composed of postmortem brain samples from the AD patients and normal people.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34719328", "locator": "sections[4] \"Data source\" paragraph 2", "quote": "GSE48350 was based on GPL570 platform (HG-U133_Plus_2), composed of postmortem brain samples from the AD patients and normal people."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "A total of 96 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34719328", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "A total of 96 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and subjected to Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses; a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "A total of 96 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34719328"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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