Identification and Validation of IFI44 as Key Biomarker in Lupus Nephritis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34760904", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:e9943bb57c1c0042f2ec1ae2b06d008b37e45f24cd135cf75b033ceb4e954641", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:27Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:05:08Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification and Validation of IFI44 as Key Biomarker in Lupus Nephritis.", "doi": "10.3389/fmed.2021.762848", "pmid": "34760904", "authors": ["Lingling Shen", "Lan Lan", "Tingting Zhu", "Hongjun Chen", "Haifeng Gu", "Cuili Wang", "Ying Chen", "Minmin Wang", "Haiyan Tu", "Philipp Enghard", "Hong Jiang", "Jianghua Chen"], "journal": "Frontiers in medicine", "year": 2021, "abstract": "Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and severe organ manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is a major cause of SLE related deaths. Early diagnosis is essential to improve the prognosis of patients with LN. To screen the potential biomarkers associated with LN, we downloaded the gene expression profile of GSE99967 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to construct a gene co-expression network and identify gene modules associated with LN. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was also applied to explore the biological function of genes and identify the key module. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC) values were calculated to screen hub genes. Furthermore, we selected promising biomarkers for real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) validation in independent cohorts. Our results indicated that five hub genes, including IFI44, IFIT3, HERC5, RSAD2, and DDX60 play vital roles in the pathogenesis of LN. Importantly, IFI44 may considered as a key biomarker in LN for its diagnostic capabilities, which is also a promising therapeutic target in the future.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The R package “WGCNA” (7) was utilized to construct the co-expression network of all genes in the GSE99967 dataset.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34760904", "locator": "sections[4] \"Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The R package “WGCNA” (7) was utilized to construct the co-expression network of all genes in the GSE99967 dataset."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34760904", "locator": "sections[20] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Five hub genes, IFI44, IFIT3, HERC5, RSAD2, and DDX60, were identified as playing vital roles in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34760904", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Our results indicated that five hub genes, including IFI44, IFIT3, HERC5, RSAD2, and DDX60 play vital roles in the pathogenesis of LN."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:34760904", "locator": "sections[16] \"Identification of Hub Genes\" paragraph 3", "quote": "Among these ten genes, 5 DEGs were identified as hub genes, including interferon induced protein 44 (IFI44), interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats three (IFIT3), HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5 (HERC5), radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing two (RSAD2), and DExD/H-box helicase 60 (DDX60)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Five hub genes, IFI44, IFIT3, HERC5, RSAD2, and DDX60, were identified as playing vital roles in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34760904"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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