Anticancer activity of ursolic acid on retinoblastoma cells determined by bioinformatics analysis and validation.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34790754", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:c1c7fb59100b4113171ff5266c988f3c7425f0326c11f39092146c1a65272a52", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:29Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:26:38Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Anticancer activity of ursolic acid on retinoblastoma cells determined by bioinformatics analysis and validation.", "doi": "10.21037/atm-21-4617", "pmid": "34790754", "authors": ["Dan Zhou", "Qi Bao", "Songbin Fu"], "journal": "Annals of translational medicine", "year": 2021, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: This article aims to explore whether ursolic acid (UA) inhibits the progression of retinoblastoma (Rb) by regulating stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD).\nMETHODS: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to filter the chip, then the GEO2R software was used to analyze the microarray data (GSE97508, GSE24673, and GSE110811). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze the relationship between the expression level of SCD and the proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammation in Rb patients. SO-RB50 and Y79 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed by the CCK-8 assay, the colony formation assay, the Transwell assay, and the wound scratch test. The protein expression levels of SCD were measured by western blot. The mRNA expression levels of IL-8, IL-6, CXCL1, and CCL2 were measured by RT-qPCR. The protein expression levels of IL-8 and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. A xenograft nude mouse model was established to evaluate the effect of UA on tumor growth in male BALB/c mice.\nRESULTS: The expression levels of SCD were related to cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammation. UA inhibited SO-RB50 and Y79 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. At the same time, UA suppressed tumor growth in the xenograft nude mouse model. Overexpression of SCD promoted SO-RB50 and Y79 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammation, while SCD knockout inhibited SO-RB50 and Y79 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inflammation. Importantly, UA inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Rb cells through SCD inhibition.\nCONCLUSIONS: UA inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Rb cells through SCD. This provides a new scientific basis for targeted therapy of Rb.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Using GraphPad Prism 7.0, an unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction was performed to assess the endpoints, including differences in SCD expression, proliferation, migration, invasion, and cytokine levels.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34790754", "locator": "sections[16] \"Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Using GraphPad Prism 7.0, an unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction was performed to assess the endpoints, including differences in SCD expression, proliferation, migration, invasion, and cytokine levels."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Data Sharing Statement: Available at https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-21-4617", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34790754", "locator": "sections[30] \"fn-group\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Data Sharing Statement: Available at https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-21-4617"}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "UA inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Rb cells through SCD.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34790754", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "UA inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Rb cells through SCD."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "UA inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Rb cells through SCD.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34790754"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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A xenograft nude mouse model was establishe"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:984", "id": "assay:5"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "animal_model", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["L-6 were measured by ELISA. A xenograft nude mouse model was established to evaluate the effect of UA", "uppressed tumor growth in the xenograft nude mouse model. Overexpression of SCD promoted SO-RB50 and", "L-6 were measured by ELISA. A xenograft nude mouse model was established to evaluate the effect", "uppressed tumor growth in the xenograft nude mouse model. 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