Non-coding RNAs and related molecules associated with form-deprivation myopia in mice.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34841657", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:e8710ade325a3f89a7712396b3e0a0e820e8e8b77aad37c8268a3108963a17c4", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:32Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:05:15Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Non-coding RNAs and related molecules associated with form-deprivation myopia in mice.", "doi": "10.1111/jcmm.17071", "pmid": "34841657", "authors": ["Shanshan Liu", "Huijie Chen", "Wenbei Ma", "Yanyan Zhong", "Yingying Liang", "Lishan Gu", "Xiaohe Lu", "Jiali Li"], "journal": "Journal of cellular and molecular medicine", "year": 2022, "abstract": "The role of miRNAs and its regulatory mechanism in myopia are indeterminate. Our study aimed to investigate potential myopia-associated non-coding RNAs and related molecules by performing a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of miRNA expression profile of mice with form-deprivation myopia (FDM). Differentially expressed miRNAs in two raw microarray data sets (GSE58124 and GSE84220) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were comprehensively analysed using GEO2R. Target genes were predicted using miRDB and enriched with Metascape online tool. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed utilizing STRING and Cytoscape. Significant differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using RNA extracted from monocular FDM ocular tissues. As result, we identified three upregulated miRNAs (mmu-miR-1936, mmu-miR-338-5p, and mmu-miR-673-3p) significantly associated with myopia in the two microarray data sets (p < 0.05 and |Log (Fold Change) |>1). GO functional analysis suggested these three miRNAs were targeted in genes mostly enriched in morphogenesis and developmental growth of retinal tissues. Enrichment analysis revealed top eight transcription factors, including PAX6 and Smad3, related to myopia. Ten hub genes, including Rbx1, Fbxl3, Fbxo27, Fbxl7, Fbxo4, Cul3, Cul2, Klhl5, Fbxl16 and Klhl42, associated with ubiquitin conjugation were identified. qRT-PCR confirmed the increased expression of mmu-miR-1936 and mmu-miR-338-5p (p < 0.05), but no statistical difference was observed in mmu-miR-673-3p expression in myopic retinas. Our findings indicated mmu-miR-1936, mmu-miR-338-5p and mmu-miR-673-3p upregulation may be associated with myopia development via post-transcriptional gene regulation, and identified potential molecules that could be further explored in future studies of the mechanism in myopia.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "All raw data were uploaded to GEO2R to evaluate the differentially expressed miRNAs using the criterion: p value < 0.05 and |Log (Fold Change) | >1.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34841657", "locator": "sections[10] \"Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs\" paragraph 2", "quote": "All raw data were uploaded to GEO2R to evaluate the differentially expressed miRNAs using the criterion: p value < 0.05 and |Log (Fold Change) | >1."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The process resulted in the selection of two gene expression profiles (GSE58124 and GSE84220), separately based on GPL22134 and GPL15880 platforms (GPL15880, Agilent‐029152 Unrestricted Mouse miRNA v15.0 microarray). GSE58124 consisted of six whole eye, three retina and three sclera samples, whereas GSE84220 contained three retina and three sclera samples.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34841657", "locator": "sections[3] \"Non‐coding RNA microarray profile collection\" paragraph 4", "quote": "The process resulted in the selection of two gene expression profiles (GSE58124 and GSE84220), separately based on GPL22134 and GPL15880 platforms (GPL15880, Agilent‐029152 Unrestricted Mouse miRNA v15.0 microarray). GSE58124 consisted of six whole eye, three retina and three sclera samples, whereas GSE84220 contained three retina and three sclera samples."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Three differentially upregulated miRNAs were identified: mmu-miR-1936, mmu-miR-338-5p and mmu-miR-673-3p.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34841657", "locator": "sections[10] \"Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Overall, we identified three differentially upregulated miRNAs, defined as DE‐miRs: mmu‐miR‐1936, mmu‐miR‐338‐5p and mmu‐miR‐673‐3p (Figure 3D)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Three differentially upregulated miRNAs were identified: mmu-miR-1936, mmu-miR-338-5p and mmu-miR-673-3p.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34841657"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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