High Expression of PDE8B and DUOX2 Associated with Ability of Metastasis in Thyroid Carcinoma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34966441", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:36cb5166af7f9ff01757dbc8336fb4e4281f42f0d10fb759e1a702294d219ccc", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:40Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:05:27Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "High Expression of PDE8B and DUOX2 Associated with Ability of Metastasis in Thyroid Carcinoma.", "doi": "10.1155/2021/2362195", "pmid": "34966441", "authors": ["Zhenguo Sun", "Xiaoshuai Yuan", "Peng Du", "Peng Chen"], "journal": "Computational and mathematical methods in medicine", "year": 2021, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Hormone is an independent factor that induces differentiation of thyroid cancer (TC) cells. The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) could promote the progression and invasion in TC cells. However, few genes related to hormone changes are studied in poorly differentiated metastatic TC. This study is aimed at constructing a gene set's coexpression correlation network and verifying the changes of some hub genes involved in regulating hormone levels.\nMETHODS: Microarray datasets of TC samples were obtained from public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. R software and bioinformatics packages were utilized to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), important gene module eigengenes, and hub genes. Subsequently, the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was constructed to explore important biological processes that are associated with the mechanism of poorly differentiated TC. Finally, some hub gene expressions were validated through real-time PCR and immunoblotting.\nRESULTS: Gene chip with category number GSE76039 was analyzed, and 1190 DEGs were screened with criteria of P < 0.05 and ∣log2foldchange | >2. Our analysis showed that human dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) and phosphodiesterase 8B (PDE8B) are the two important hub genes in a coexpression network. In addition, the validated experimental results showed that the expression levels of both DUOX2 and PDE8B were elevated in poorly differentiated metastatic TC tissues.\nCONCLUSION: This study identified and validated that DUOX2 and PDE8B were significantly associated with the metastasis ability of thyroid carcinoma.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Student's t-test was used to evaluate the statistical differences and P < 0.05 was considered significant.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34966441", "locator": "sections[9] \"2.7. Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Student's t-test was used to evaluate the statistical differences and P < 0.05 was considered significant."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34966441", "locator": "sections[16] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "DUOX2 and PDE8B were significantly associated with the metastasis ability of thyroid carcinoma.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34966441", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "This study identified and validated that DUOX2 and PDE8B were significantly associated with the metastasis ability of thyroid carcinoma."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "DUOX2 and PDE8B were significantly associated with the metastasis ability of thyroid carcinoma.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34966441"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8712144", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE76039", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE76039", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE76039", "version": null, "note": "The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM2024824", "GSM2024825", "GSM2024826", "GSM2024827", "GSM2024828", "GSM2024829", "GSM2024830", "GSM2024831", "GSM2024832", "GSM2024833", "GSM2024834", "GSM2024835", "GSM2024836", "GSM2024837", "GSM2024838", "GSM2024839", "GSM2024840", "GSM2024841", "GSM2024842", "GSM2024843", "GSM2024844", "GSM2024845", "GSM2024846", "GSM2024847", "GSM2024848", "GSM2024849", "GSM2024850", "GSM2024851", "GSM2024852", "GSM2024853", "GSM2024854", "GSM2024855", "GSM2024856", "GSM2024857", "GSM2024858", "GSM2024859", "GSM2024860"], "sample_count": 37, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "570", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Genomic and Transcriptomic Hallmarks of Poorly-Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancers", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T17:30:42Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE76039 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE76039 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "group_comparison", "specific": "student_t_test", "label": "Group comparison", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": ["student_t"], "expressible": false, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["two_or_more_groups_continuous"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "Student's t-test was used to evaluate the statistical differences and P < 0.05 was considered significant."}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": "network_analysis", "specific": "pathway_enrichment", "label": "Network / pathway analysis", "dsl_operations": ["pathway_enrich"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["edge_list"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "GO enrichment"}}], "targets": [], "gaps": ["method.student_t"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": false, "required_operations": [], "missing_operations": ["student_t"], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: student_t_test."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. 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