The diagnostic and prognostic significance of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D1 aberrantly high expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34976182", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:712e15710728a660f6141b3740bb4b223fd9b03335c6e5a67a0fe9cdd338899a", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:41Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:48:09Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "The diagnostic and prognostic significance of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D1 aberrantly high expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.", "doi": "10.7150/jca.65225", "pmid": "34976182", "authors": ["Huaxiang Wang", "Fengfeng Xu", "Lingling Lu", "Fang Yang", "Xinghua Huang", "Lizhi Lv", "Huanzhang Hu", "Yi Jiang"], "journal": "Journal of Cancer", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D1 (SNRPD1), one of the crucial genes encoding core spliceosome components, was abnormally highly expressed in multiple types of tumors. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic and prognostic significance of SNRPD1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The investigation of datasets from GEO and TCGA databases revealed that SNRPD1 expression in HCC was significantly higher than adjacent normal liver tissues, which was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Both GO, KEGG analysis showed that the SNRPD1 co-expressed genes mainly enriched in Cell division, Nuclear import, mRNA splicing via spliceosome, Ribosome, Cell cycle, etc. Survival analysis from the GSE14520 dataset and 154 HCC cohorts exhibited a significant association of high SNRPD1 expression with poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival. ROC analysis showed that the abnormally high SNRPD1 mRNA expression has diagnostic significance in distinguishing between HCC and normal liver tissue (AUC = 0.819). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that the high expression of SNRPD1 might regulate HCC tumorigenesis and progression by affecting the cell cycle, mismatch repair, DNA replication, and RNA degradation, etc. The luciferase report assay revealed that SNRPD1 was the direct target gene of miR-100 manifested by decreased SNRPD1 expression and luciferase activity in the HCC cells upon miR-100 overexpression. Finally, SNRPD1 may as an oncogene affecting the progression of HCC through regulates the mTOR pathway and autophagy.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "OS and RFS were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plots with the log-rank test. ROC curve with AUC was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic significance of SNRPD1 and miR-100 for HCC.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34976182", "locator": "sections[14] \"2.12. Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "OS and RFS were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plots with the log-rank test. ROC curve with AUC was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic significance of SNRPD1 and miR-100 for HCC."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34976182", "locator": "sections[26] \"ack\" paragraph 1", "quote": "All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "High SNRPD1 expression in HCC was associated with poor overall and recurrence-free survival, and SNRPD1 mRNA expression distinguished HCC from normal liver tissue with an AUC of 0.819.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 0.819, "unit": "auc", "tolerance": null, "source": "ROC analysis showed that the abnormally high SNRPD1 mRNA expression has diagnostic significance in distinguishing between HCC and normal liver tissue (AUC = 0.819)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34976182", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Survival analysis from the GSE14520 dataset and 154 HCC cohorts exhibited a significant association of high SNRPD1 expression with poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:34976182", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "ROC analysis showed that the abnormally high SNRPD1 mRNA expression has diagnostic significance in distinguishing between HCC and normal liver tissue (AUC = 0.819)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "High SNRPD1 expression in HCC was associated with poor overall and recurrence-free survival, and SNRPD1 mRNA expression distinguished HCC from normal liver tissue with an AUC of 0.819.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34976182"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE14520"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE14520"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:34976182", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.65225", "sha256": 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Both GO, KEGG analysis showed that th", "which was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Both GO, KEGG analysis showed that the SNR", "ollection of the specimens. 2.3. Analysis of Immunohistochemical staining 154 paraffin-embedded with HCC tiss", "the prognostic role of SNRPD1, we performed IHC using 154 HCC specimens collected from HCC p"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:567", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "animal_model", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.69, "evidence": ["antibodies (1:50,000; KIT-5010; anti-rabbit/mouse IgG; China Fuzhou Maixin Biotechnology Devel"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:4338", "id": "assay:2"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "transfection", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["ents with HCC. 2.7. Cell culture and plasmid transfection We purchased the human normal hepatocyte cel", "and saturated humidity. Vectors used in cell transfection including siRNA of SNRPD1, siRNA negative co", "Vectors used in cell transfection including siRNA of SNRPD1, siRNA negative control (si-NC), m", "cell transfection including siRNA of SNRPD1, siRNA negative control (si-NC), miR-100 mimic, and"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:6069", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "cell_culture", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["pe Culture Collection (ATCC, USA). All these cell lines were cultured in DMEM basal medium (Hyclone, SH30022.01) s", "ction (ATCC, USA). All these cell lines were cultured in DMEM basal medium (Hyclone, SH30022.01) supp", "hanghai, China). The HCC cell lines Huh7 and HepG2 were purchased from the American Type Cultur"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:6265", "id": "assay:4"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "survival_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["survival_km"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["OS and RFS were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plots with the log-rank test. ROC curve with AUC was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic significance of SNRPD1 and miR-100 for HCC."], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:5"}]}