Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:34981661", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:dd6b51875e310db241c0dd2f6913ce9f850aad7cd8a6e38dbc053d7de53ea0c4", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:41Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:48:10Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.", "doi": "10.14814/phy2.15101", "pmid": "34981661", "authors": ["Wenjun He", "Xi Su", "Lingdan Chen", "Chunli Liu", "Wenju Lu", "Tao Wang", "Jian Wang"], "journal": "Physiological reports", "year": 2022, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the specific roles of PBMCs in the development and progression of idiopathic PAH (IPAH) have not been fully understood.\nMETHODS: Here, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of PBMCs or lung tissues between IPAH patients and healthy controls were identified via bioinformatics analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE33463 and GSE48149, respectively. Subsequently, extensive target prediction and network analysis were performed to assess protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and pathway enrichment for DEGs. Co-expressed DEGs between PBMCs and lung tissues coupled with corresponding predicted miRNAs involved in PAH were also assessed. We identified 251 DEGs in PBMCs and 151 DEGs in lung tissue samples from IPAH. PDK4, RBPMS2, and PDE5A expression were altered in both PBMCs and lung tissues from IPAH patients compared to healthy control.\nRESULTS: CXCL8, JUN, TLR8, IL1B, and TLR7 could be implicated as the hub genes in PBMCs, whereas ENO1, STAT1, CXCL10, GPI, and IRF1 in lung tissues. Finally, co-expressed DEGs of PDK4, RBPMS2, and PDE5A coupled with corresponding predicted miRNAs, especially miR-103a-3p, miR-185-5p, and miR-515-5p, are significantly associated with IPAH.\nCONCLUSION: Our findings collectively suggest that the expression levels of PDK4, RBPMS2, and PDE5A in PBMCs are associated with the expression of these genes in lung tissues. Thus, these molecules may serve as potential circulating biomarkers and/or possible therapeutic targets for IPAH.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "R packages of “Illumina” and “limma” (http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/limma.html), provided by a Bioconductor project, were applied to assess GSE33463 and GSE48149 RAW datasets.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34981661", "locator": "sections[4] \"Identification of the differentially expressed genes\" paragraph 2", "quote": "R packages of “Illumina” and “limma” (http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/limma.html), provided by a Bioconductor project, were applied to assess GSE33463 and GSE48149 RAW datasets."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. Discovery cohort and duplication cohort (GSE33463 and GSE48149) were downloaded from GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34981661", "locator": "sections[22] \"DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. Discovery cohort and duplication cohort (GSE33463 and GSE48149) were downloaded from GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The bioinformatics analysis identified 251 DEGs in PBMCs and 151 DEGs in lung tissue samples from IPAH patients.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:34981661", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "We identified 251 DEGs in PBMCs and 151 DEGs in lung tissue samples from IPAH."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The bioinformatics analysis identified 251 DEGs in PBMCs and 151 DEGs in lung tissue samples from IPAH patients.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:34981661"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE33463"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {"fdr_threshold": "with Benjamin–Hochberg false discovery rate adjustment"}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE33463"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:34981661", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15101", "sha256": "sha256:8b240759851a2e6d07e65edd60a89f1ace75d290caa21d3565a122fe3c6054f5", "bytes": 38007, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.14814/phy2.15101", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8724678", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE33463", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE33463", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE33463", "version": null, "note": "Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. 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