H2A Histone Family Member Z (H2AFZ) Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Bioinformatic Analysis and Experimental Validation.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35027526", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:52c16bd1a81230ecfd714eb9933bb7621b5bb8cb0996c89f64b7824c2112566a", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:44Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:48:14Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "H2A Histone Family Member Z (H2AFZ) Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Bioinformatic Analysis and Experimental Validation.", "doi": "10.12659/MSM.933447", "pmid": "35027526", "authors": ["Zongkuo Li", "Menglong Hu", "Jinhuan Qiu", "Junkai Feng", "Ruizhen Zhang", "Huifang Wu", "Guiming Hu", "Jingli Ren"], "journal": "Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research", "year": 2022, "abstract": "BACKGROUND H2A histone family member Z (H2AFZ) is a special subtype in the H2A histone family, which participates in the regulation of gene transcription. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of H2AFZ in the tumor microenvironment and genetic factors associated with lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of H2AFZ in LUAD was analyzed via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases at the mRNA level. To detect the protein expression level of H2AFZ, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using LUAD tissues and non-tumor lung tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify the effect of H2AFZ expression on overall survival (OS) based on TCGA-LUAD and the GEO dataset GSE68465 cohorts, and our LUAD patient cohort was used for validation. Identification of signaling pathways associated with the expression of H2AFZ was performed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The influences of expression of H2AFZ on tumor immune-infiltrating cell (TIICs) were assessed via TIMER and CIBERSORT. RESULTS The expression of H2AFZ was increased in LUAD tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, high expression of H2AFZ predicted poor OS and might be an independent prognostic predictor in LUAD patients. Moreover, H2AFZ affected the relative proportion of TIICs and was positively associated with Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) infiltration level in LUAD. CONCLUSIONS H2AFZ was upregulated in LUAD and related to poor prognosis of LUAD patients; thus, it could be an underlying prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltration in LUAD.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "This was followed by Kaplan-Meier analysis of OS between the 2 groups using the log-rank test. Then, the Cox regression analysis was carried out on the TCGA-LUAD and GSE68465 cohorts to assess the predictive ability of H2AFZ expression on OS.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35027526", "locator": "sections[8] \"Survival Analysis and Cox Regression Analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "This was followed by Kaplan-Meier analysis of OS between the 2 groups using the log-rank test. Then, the Cox regression analysis was carried out on the TCGA-LUAD and GSE68465 cohorts to assess the predictive ability of H2AFZ expression on OS."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The mRNA sequencing information as well as corresponding clinical parameters for samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (https://tcga-data.nci.nih.gov/tcga/) and GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). The TCGA-LUAD dataset comprised 594 samples, including 535 LUAD samples and 59 non-tumor samples.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35027526", "locator": "sections[3] \"Data Obtained from Different Databases\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The mRNA sequencing information as well as corresponding clinical parameters for samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (https://tcga-data.nci.nih.gov/tcga/) and GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). The TCGA-LUAD dataset comprised 594 samples, including 535 LUAD samples and 59 non-tumor samples."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The paper used Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis to evaluate overall survival using TCGA-LUAD and GSE68465 data, with validation in a local LUAD cohort.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35027526", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify the effect of H2AFZ expression on overall survival (OS) based on TCGA-LUAD and the GEO dataset GSE68465 cohorts, and our LUAD patient cohort was used for validation."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The paper used Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis to evaluate overall survival using TCGA-LUAD and GSE68465 data, with validation in a local LUAD cohort.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35027526"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE10072"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE10072"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:35027526", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.933447", "sha256": "sha256:9901fa1a944e5c1e6750233816eef1f8f4166bf66cf64b45dc0c3377a378eb87", "bytes": 39076, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.12659/MSM.933447", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8764873", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE10072", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE10072", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE10072", "version": null, "note": "The mRNA sequencing information as well as corresponding clinical parameters for samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (https://tcga-data.nci.nih.gov/tcga/) and GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). 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