Characteristics of the Immune Cell Infiltration Landscape in Gastric Cancer to Assistant Immunotherapy.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35069691", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:0f47842dc2e3390ce1debd23c1f51879f29cecf8fd59b45744d9c26c25b2e992", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:48Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:27:03Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Characteristics of the Immune Cell Infiltration Landscape in Gastric Cancer to Assistant Immunotherapy.", "doi": "10.3389/fgene.2021.793628", "pmid": "35069691", "authors": ["Chenlu Li", "Jingjing Pan", "Yinyan Jiang", "Yan Yu", "Zhenlin Jin", "Xupeng Chen"], "journal": "Frontiers in genetics", "year": 2021, "abstract": "Background: Gastric cancer (GC) was usually associated with poor prognosis and invalid therapeutical response to immunotherapy due to biological heterogeneity. It is urgent to screen reliable indices especially immunotherapy-associated parameters that can predict the therapeutic responses to immunotherapy of GC patients. Methods: Gene expression profile of 854 GC patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE84433) with their corresponding clinical and somatic mutation data. Based on immune cell infiltration (ICI) levels, molecular clustering classification was performed to identify subtypes and ICI scores in GC patients. After functional enrichment analysis of subtypes, we further explored the correlation between ICI scores and Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) and the significance in clinical immunotherapy response. Results: Three subtypes were identified based on ICI scores with distinct immunological and prognostic characteristics. The ICI-cluster C, associated with better outcomes, was characterized by significantly higher stromal and immune scores, T lymphocytes infiltration and up-regulation of PD-L1. ICI scores were identified through using principal component analysis (PCA) and the low ICI scores were consistent with the increased TMB and the immune-activating signaling pathways. Contrarily, the high-ICI score cluster was involved in the immunosuppressive pathways, such as TGF-beta, MAPK and WNT signaling pathways, which might be responsible for poor prognosis of GC. External immunotherapy and chemotherapy cohorts validated the patients with lower ICI scores exhibited significant therapeutic responses and clinical benefits. Conclusion: This study elucidated that ICI score could sever as an effective prognostic and predictive indicator for immunotherapy in GC. These findings indicated that the systematic assessment of tumor ICI landscapes and identification of ICI scores have crucial clinical implications and facilitate tailoring optimal immunotherapeutic strategies.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "In addition, the correlation analysis between TMB and ICI scores was performed based on Spearman correlation coefficients and combined survival analysis was further employed to clarify the prognostic value.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35069691", "locator": "sections[7] \"Calculation and Analysis of Tumor Mutation Burden\" paragraph 2", "quote": "In addition, the correlation analysis between TMB and ICI scores was performed based on Spearman correlation coefficients and combined survival analysis was further employed to clarify the prognostic value."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35069691", "locator": "sections[16] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The results revealed high-ICI score group had a lower TMB scores than that of low-ICI score cohorts (Wilcox test, p < 0.05) and the ICI scores were negatively correlated with TMB scores (Spearman coefficient: R = −0.52, p < 2.2e-16) (Figure 4A,B).", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35069691", "locator": "sections[13] \"The Relationship Between ICI Scores and Tumor Burden Mutation\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The results revealed high-ICI score group had a lower TMB scores than that of low-ICI score cohorts (Wilcox test, p < 0.05) and the ICI scores were negatively correlated with TMB scores (Spearman coefficient: R = −0.52, p < 2.2e-16) (Figure 4A,B)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The results revealed high-ICI score group had a lower TMB scores than that of low-ICI score cohorts (Wilcox test, p < 0.05) and the ICI scores were negatively correlated with TMB scores (Spearman coefficient: R = −0.52, p < 2.2e-16) (Figure 4A,B).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35069691"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE84433"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE84433"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:35069691", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.793628", "sha256": 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