Identification of high expression profiles of miR-31-5p and its vital role in lung squamous cell carcinoma: a survey based on qRT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35116817", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:063b2f6362f4aee3cb518b2455879272251a5a6595185e572da7d68f4b7b6912", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:51Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:05:45Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of high expression profiles of miR-31-5p and its vital role in lung squamous cell carcinoma: a survey based on qRT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis.", "doi": "10.21037/tcr.2019.04.21", "pmid": "35116817", "authors": ["Xiao-Jv Chi", "Li-Li Wei", "Qing Bu", "Ning Mo", "Xin Yu Chen", "Dong Lan", "Qing Niao Zhou"], "journal": "Translational cancer research", "year": 2019, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The function of miR-31-5p in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains unclear, therefore, a systematic study was performed for the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of miR-31-5p in LUSC.\nMETHODS: Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to test the expression level of miR-31-5p in 88 LUSC tissue samples and their matching normal tissues. Data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were also utilized to confirm the expression level and clinical value of miR-31-5p in LUSC. The potential target genes of miR-31-5p were predicted by several online predicted software. Gene ontology (GO), protein-protein interaction (PPI) and pathway analysis were utilized to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-31-5p in LUSC.\nRESULTS: The result from qRT-PCR found that there was significant difference of miR-31-5p between LUSC and normal tissues (P<0.001). Meanwhile, Data from TCGA also showed a higher expression of miR-31-5p in LUSC tissues than that in the normal tissues (P<0.001). on the basis of the data of GEO database, five GEO datasets indicated that the expression of miR-31-5p in LUSC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues, include GSE51858 (P=0.025), GSE74190 (P<0.000), GSE16025 (P=0.031), GSE25508 (P=0.0.01), and GSE47525 (P=0.049). Moreover, in consideration of the meta-analysis, 1,012 clinical specimens were systematically analyzed via meta-analysis, clinical specimens were systematically analyzed via meta-analysis, and the results showed that the expression of miR-31-5p in LUSC was significantly higher than in the adjacent lung tissues (SMD =0, CI: 1.08-1.45, Z=13.30, P=0.000). In addition, result from GO and pathway analyses showed that potential target genes of miR-31-5p were significantly associated with 20 GO terms and 5 pathways, such as signal transduction, transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity, plasma membrane and Rap1 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, we also found thatmiR-31-5p target genes were related to the Rap1 signaling pathway, Oxytocin signaling pathway and Proteoglycans in cancer. Furthermore, six hub genes were identified from PPI and three hub genes, including ADCY6, ADCY9 and EGFR, proved to coexist in the Rap1 signaling pathway, oxytocin signaling pathway and Melanogenesis simultaneously.\nCONCLUSIONS: According to what has been discussed above, we speculated that miR-31-5p may play a vital role in the occurrence and development of LUSC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "StataSE 12.0 was used for the meta-analysis of the data and SMD <0 and 95% CI did not cross zero represented miR-31-5p had a lower expression in LUSC tissues than in normal specimens.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35116817", "locator": "sections[9] \"Statistical analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "StataSE 12.0 was used for the meta-analysis of the data and SMD <0 and 95% CI did not cross zero represented miR-31-5p had a lower expression in LUSC tissues than in normal specimens."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) (26) was used for extracting the expression information of miR-31-5p in LUSC. Respect to the GEO database, five databases (GSE16025, GSE25508, GSE47525, GSE51853, GSE74190) supported the viewpoint that the up-regulated expression of miR-31-5p in LUSC patients compared to the corresponding controls (P<0.05) (Figure 3).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35116817", "locator": "sections[5] \"Information extraction of miR-31-5p in LUSC from GEO and TCGA datasets\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) (26) was used for extracting the expression information of miR-31-5p in LUSC."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:35116817", "locator": "sections[11] \"High expression of miR-31-5p in LUSC\" paragraph 4", "quote": "Respect to the GEO database, five databases (GSE16025, GSE25508, GSE47525, GSE51853, GSE74190) supported the viewpoint that the up-regulated expression of miR-31-5p in LUSC patients compared to the corresponding controls (P<0.05) (Figure 3)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Meanwhile, the meta-analysis result of all the data in the current study (PCR, TCGA, GEO included) showed that the expression of miR-31-5p significantly increased in patients with LUSC than the controls (SMD =0, 95% CI: 1.08–1.45, Z=13.30, P=0.000, Figure 7).", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 95.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "Meanwhile, the meta-analysis result of all the data in the current study (PCR, TCGA, GEO included) showed that the expression of miR-31-5p significantly increased in patients with LUSC than the controls (SMD =0, 95% CI: 1.08–1.45, Z=13.30, P=0.000, Figure 7)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35116817", "locator": "sections[12] \"Meta-analysis of miR-31-5p expression in LUSC\" paragraph 5", "quote": "Meanwhile, the meta-analysis result of all the data in the current study (PCR, TCGA, GEO included) showed that the expression of miR-31-5p significantly increased in patients with LUSC than the controls (SMD =0, 95% CI: 1.08–1.45, Z=13.30, P=0.000, Figure 7)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Meanwhile, the meta-analysis result of all the data in the current study (PCR, TCGA, GEO included) showed that the expression of miR-31-5p significantly increased in patients with LUSC than the controls (SMD =0, 95% CI: 1.08–1.45, Z=13.30, P=0.000, Figure 7).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35116817"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE16025"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE16025"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:35116817", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr.2019.04.21", "sha256": "sha256:beaf3e2e1c3fa5216c05d5e5bcdce56649bac5491c6b594dfdb688306e4f9d92", "bytes": 27713, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.21037/tcr.2019.04.21", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8798478", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE16025", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE16025", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE16025", "version": null, "note": "The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) (26) was used for extracting the expression information of miR-31-5p in LUSC. Respect to the GEO database, five databases (GSE16025, GSE25508, GSE47525, GSE51853, GSE74190) supported the viewpoint that the up-regulated expression of miR-31-5p in LUSC patients compared to the corresponding controls (P<0.05) (Figure 3).", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) (26) was used for extracting the expression information of miR-31-5p in LUSC. 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Respect to the GEO database, five databases (GSE16025, GSE25508, GSE47525, GSE51853, GSE74190) supported the viewpoint that the up-regulated expression of miR-31-5p in LUSC patients compared to the corresponding controls (P<0.05) (Figure 3).", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) (26) was used for extracting the expression information of miR-31-5p in LUSC. Respect to the GEO database, five databases (GSE16025, GSE25508, GSE47525, GSE51853, GSE74190) supported the viewpoint that the up-regulated expression of miR-31-5p in LUSC patients compared to the corresponding controls (P<0.05) (Figure 3).", "access_statement_kind": "repository_route_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1000223", "GSM1000224", "GSM1000225", "GSM1000226", "GSM1000227", "GSM1000228", "GSM1000229", "GSM1000230", "GSM1000231", "GSM1000232", "GSM1000233", "GSM1000234", "GSM1000235", "GSM1000236", "GSM1000237", "GSM1000238", "GSM1000239", "GSM1000240", "GSM1000241", "GSM1000242", "GSM1000243", "GSM1000244", "GSM1000245", "GSM1000246", "GSM1000247", "GSM1000248", "GSM1000249", "GSM1000250", "GSM1000251", "GSM1000252", "GSM1000253", "GSM1000254", "GSM1000255", "GSM1000256", "GSM1000257", "GSM1000258", "GSM1000259", "GSM1000260", "GSM1000261", "GSM1000262", "GSM1000263", "GSM1000264", "GSM1000265", "GSM1000266", "GSM1000267", "GSM1000268", "GSM1000269", "GSM1000270", "GSM1000271", "GSM1000272", "GSM1000273", "GSM1000274", "GSM1000275", "GSM1000276", "GSM1000277", "GSM1000278", "GSM1000279", "GSM1000280", "GSM1000281", "GSM1000282", "GSM1000283", "GSM1000284", "GSM1000285", "GSM1000286", "GSM1000287", "GSM1000288", "GSM1000289", "GSM1000290", "GSM1000291", "GSM1000292", "GSM1000293", "GSM1000294", "GSM1000295", "GSM1000296", "GSM1000297", "GSM1000298", "GSM1000299", "GSM1000300", "GSM1000301", "GSM1000302", "GSM1000303", "GSM1000304", "GSM1000305", "GSM1000306", "GSM1000307", "GSM1000308", "GSM1000309", "GSM1000310", "GSM1000311", "GSM1000312", "GSM1000313", "GSM1000314", "GSM1000315", "GSM1000316", "GSM1000317", "GSM1000318", "GSM1000319", "GSM1000320", "GSM1000321", "GSM1000322", "GSM1000323", "GSM1000324", "GSM1000325", "GSM1000326", "GSM1000327", "GSM1000328", "GSM1000329", "GSM1000330", "GSM1000331", "GSM1000332", "GSM1000333", "GSM1000334", "GSM1000335", "GSM1000336", "GSM1000337", "GSM1000338", "GSM1000339", "GSM1000340", "GSM1000341", "GSM1000342", "GSM1000343", "GSM1000344", "GSM1000345", "GSM1000346", "GSM1000347", "GSM1000348", "GSM1000349", "GSM1000350", "GSM1000351", "GSM1000352", "GSM1000353", "GSM1000354", "GSM1000355", "GSM1000356", "GSM1000357", "GSM1000358", "GSM1000359", "GSM1000360", "GSM1000361", "GSM1000362", "GSM1000363", "GSM1000364", "GSM1000365", "GSM1000366", "GSM1000367", "GSM1000368", "GSM1000369", "GSM1000370", "GSM1000371", "GSM1000372", "GSM1000373", "GSM1000374", "GSM1000375", "GSM1000376", "GSM1000377", "GSM1000378", "GSM1000379", "GSM1000380", "GSM1000381", "GSM1000382", "GSM1000383", "GSM1000384", "GSM1000385", "GSM1000386", "GSM1000387", "GSM1000388", "GSM1000389", "GSM1000390", "GSM1000391", "GSM1000392", "GSM1000393", "GSM1000394", "GSM1000395", "GSM1000396", "GSM1000397", "GSM1000398", "GSM1000399"], "sample_count": 177, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "16016", "taxon": "Human alphaherpesvirus 2; Cytomegalovirus; Lymphocryptovirus; Betapolyomavirus macacae; Murid gammaherpesvirus 4; Rattus norvegicus; JC polyomavirus; Betapolyomavirus hominis; Homo sapiens; Mus musculus; Human alphaherpesvirus 1; Human betaherpesvirus 5; Rhadinovirus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Merkel cell polyomavirus", "title": "Whole blood microRNA expression in human lung cancer", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:06:44Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE47525", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE47525", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE47525", "version": null, "note": "The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) (26) was used for extracting the expression information of miR-31-5p in LUSC. Respect to the GEO database, five databases (GSE16025, GSE25508, GSE47525, GSE51853, GSE74190) supported the viewpoint that the up-regulated expression of miR-31-5p in LUSC patients compared to the corresponding controls (P<0.05) (Figure 3).", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) (26) was used for extracting the expression information of miR-31-5p in LUSC. 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