Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Injury Associated With Myocardial SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

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The RNA-Seq dataset (GSE150392) comparing expression profiling of mock human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and SARS-CoV-2-infected hiPSC-CMs was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We identified 1,554 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on GSE150392. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Gene ontology (GO) analysis, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that immune-inflammatory responses were activated by SARS-CoV-2, while muscle contraction, cellular respiration, and cell cycle of hiPSC-CMs were inhibited. A total of 15 hub genes were identified according to protein-protein interaction (PPI), among which 11 upregulated genes were mainly involved in cytokine activation related to the excessive inflammatory response. Moreover, we identified potential drugs based on these hub genes. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection of cardiomyocytes caused a strong defensive response, leading to excessive immune inflammation, cell hypoxia, functional contractility reduction, and apoptosis, ultimately resulting in myocardial injury.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "We used R (version 4.0.1, https://www.R-project.org/) package “DESeq2” (version 1.28.1) to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (9) (Padj <0.01), | (log2FoldChange | > 2) between SARS-CoV-2 infected hiPSC-CMs (Cov group) and Mock hiPSC-CMs (Mock group).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35127841", "locator": "sections[4] \"Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes\" paragraph 2", "quote": "We used R (version 4.0.1, https://www.R-project.org/) package “DESeq2” (version 1.28.1) to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (9) (Padj <0.01), | (log2FoldChange | > 2) between SARS-CoV-2 infected hiPSC-CMs (Cov group) and Mock hiPSC-CMs (Mock group)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE150392.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35127841", "locator": "sections[17] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE150392."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The paper identified 1,554 differentially expressed genes from the GSE150392 RNA-Seq dataset using DESeq2.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35127841", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "The RNA-Seq dataset (GSE150392) comparing expression profiling of mock human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and SARS-CoV-2-infected hiPSC-CMs was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:35127841", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "We identified 1,554 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on GSE150392."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The paper identified 1,554 differentially expressed genes from the GSE150392 RNA-Seq dataset using DESeq2.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35127841"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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