SPINK5 is a Prognostic Biomarker Associated With the Progression and Prognosis of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Identified by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35140453", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:9f1d4b3a39e0e473a07e7bab665b2631b6ddc316f41257b29e588d095a4dfb19", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:53Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:05:49Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "SPINK5 is a Prognostic Biomarker Associated With the Progression and Prognosis of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Identified by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis.", "doi": "10.1177/11769343221077118", "pmid": "35140453", "authors": ["Jian Liu", "Jing Zhao", "Jiaran Xu", "Qing Sun", "Xuemei Qin", "Guohui Chen", "Tianle Gao", "Guangping Bai", "Zhiqiang Guo"], "journal": "Evolutionary bioinformatics online", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common types of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and is the second most prevalent malignancy occurring in the head and neck or respiratory tract, with a high incidence and mortality rate. Survival is limited for patients with LSCC. To identify more biomarkers associated with the prognosis of patients with LSCC, using bioinformatics analysis, this study used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LSCC dataset and gene expression profiles of GSE59102 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Eighty-one differentially co-expressed genes were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Next, 10 hub genes (PPL, KRT78, CRNN, PTK7, SCEL, AGRN, SPINK5, AIF1L, EMP1, and PPP1R3C) were screened from a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Based on survival analysis, SPINK5 was significantly correlated with survival time in LSCC patients. After verification in the TCGA and HPA databases, SPINK5 was selected as a prognostic biomarker. Finally, the GSEA results showed that downregulation of SPINK5 gene expression may promote tumorigenesis and the development of cancers by the \"BASAL CELL CARCINOMA\" pathway, and it has been implicated in disrupting DNA damage and repair pathways. Collectively, SPINK5 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in LSCC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were applied to identify candidate genes that were strongly correlated with survival from the 10 hub genes.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35140453", "locator": "sections[8] \"Survival Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were applied to identify candidate genes that were strongly correlated with survival from the 10 hub genes."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Availability of Data and Materials: The dataset analyzed in this study is available in GEO database with accession number of GSE59102 and TCGA database.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35140453", "locator": "sections[23] \"fn-group\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Availability of Data and Materials: The dataset analyzed in this study is available in GEO database with accession number of GSE59102 and TCGA database."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "SPINK5 was significantly correlated with survival time in LSCC patients (P < .05).", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35140453", "locator": "sections[17] \"Survival analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "We found that SPINK5 was significantly correlated with survival time in LSCC patients (P < .05)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "SPINK5 was significantly correlated with survival time in LSCC patients (P < .05).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35140453"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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