Mapk14 is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with the Clinicopathological Features and Immune Infiltration of Colorectal Cancer.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35141222", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:dbcdec0a4e6bee4f53a345e8b0f3e96ea269ae6ec3b214aeae616609e46c0d29", "created_at": "2026-11-01T17:36:53Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:05:50Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Mapk14 is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with the Clinicopathological Features and Immune Infiltration of Colorectal Cancer.", "doi": "10.3389/fcell.2022.817800", "pmid": "35141222", "authors": ["Dan Wang", "Li Peng", "Li Hua", "Jiaxiang Li", "Yifei Liu", "Yanhong Zhou"], "journal": "Frontiers in cell and developmental biology", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors, ranking in the top 5 of all common tumors in terms of incidence and mortality. However, the mechanisms driving the evolution of colorectal cancer remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the association between Mapk14 expression and clinicopathological and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Methods: In this study, we collected CRC patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), compared the expression level in CRC and normal colorectal tissue using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and assessed the relationship between Mapk14 and clinicopathological features using the Welch one-way ANOVA test. Kaplan-Meier and timeROC GSE17537 datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset to assess the prognostic impact of the Mapk14 gene on colorectal cancer. Second, we further explored the methylation level of Mapk14 and its influencing factors. Single-cell sequencing of Mapk14 in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) was analyzed using the GSE108989 dataset. Further analyses based on the TIMER method were performed to assess the correlation between Mapk14 and tumor immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, tumor mutational load and microsatellite instability. Finally, the results of the bioinformatics analysis were verified by an immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The results showed that the expression of Mapk14 was upregulated in CRC tumor tissues compared with normal colorectal tissues and the high expression of Mapk14 was associated with poor clinicopathological features and poor prognoses in the CRC array. In addition, cg05798012 and cg25375420 of Mapk14 are the main DNA methylation sites affecting OS. Single-cell sequencing of the tumor immune microenvironment showed that the abundance and cell state of dysfunctional T cells changed greatly. Importantly, the abnormal overexpression of Mapk14 in colorectal cancer is related to the level of immune infiltration of immune cells (including CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, B cells, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages). The high expression of Mapk14 was significantly correlated with immune checkpoints (including SIGLEC15, TIGIT, LAG3, CTLA4 and PDCDILG2), while the high expression of Mapk14 was negatively correlated with TMB and MSI but mostly positively correlated with drug sensitivity. Finally, the immunohistochemical results confirmed that the clinical stage (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ) and M stage (M0 and M1) affected the abnormally high expression of Mapk14. Conclusion: A comprehensive bioinformatics study and experimental validation revealed that Mapk14 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltration and pharmacotherapy and may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and timeROC curves according to Mapk14 expression levels, and correlation analyses between the two variables were performed using the Spearman test, with p < 0.05 considered significantly different.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35141222", "locator": "sections[9] \"Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and timeROC curves according to Mapk14 expression levels, and correlation analyses between the two variables were performed using the Spearman test, with p < 0.05 considered significantly different."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35141222", "locator": "sections[21] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "To observe the predictive value of Mapk14 mRNA levels on prognosis, we assessed Mapk14 mRNA expression by a ROC curve model. The area under the curve (AUC) was more accurate when it was between 0.5 and 1, and it was assessed to predict the 1-,3-, and 5-years risk of CRC patients (1 year, AUC = 0.56; 3 years, AUC = 0.60; 5 years, AUC = 0.63) (Figure 3B).", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35141222", "locator": "sections[12] \"Prognostic Value of Mapk14 in Colorectal Cancer\" paragraph 2", "quote": "To observe the predictive value of Mapk14 mRNA levels on prognosis, we assessed Mapk14 mRNA expression by a ROC curve model. The area under the curve (AUC) was more accurate when it was between 0.5 and 1, and it was assessed to predict the 1-,3-, and 5-years risk of CRC patients (1 year, AUC = 0.56; 3 years, AUC = 0.60; 5 years, AUC = 0.63) (Figure 3B)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "To observe the predictive value of Mapk14 mRNA levels on prognosis, we assessed Mapk14 mRNA expression by a ROC curve model. The area under the curve (AUC) was more accurate when it was between 0.5 and 1, and it was assessed to predict the 1-,3-, and 5-years risk of CRC patients (1 year, AUC = 0.56; 3 years, AUC = 0.60; 5 years, AUC = 0.63) (Figure 3B).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35141222"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": [], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": [], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": ["step:obtain_source_data blocked on data:accession_absent"]}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:35141222", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.817800", "sha256": "sha256:a2ace39b9a70dc67965b169ab0147c08297d3c79fb5fab58545767e651807f49", "bytes": 40099, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3389/fcell.2022.817800", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC8818961", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}], "gaps": []}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "survival_analysis", "specific": "kaplan_meier", "label": "Survival analysis", "dsl_operations": ["survival_km"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["time_to_event_with_censoring"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "Patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and timeROC curves according to Mapk14 expression levels, and correlation analyses between the two variables were performed using the Spearman test, with p < 0.05 considered significantly different."}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": "group_comparison", "specific": "welch_t_test", "label": "Group comparison", "dsl_operations": ["welch_t"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["two_or_more_groups_continuous"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "Welch"}}, {"id": "method-3", "family": "group_comparison", "specific": "wilcoxon", "label": "Group comparison", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": ["group_comparison_wilcoxon"], "expressible": false, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["two_or_more_groups_continuous"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "Wilcoxon"}}, {"id": "method-4", "family": "group_comparison", "specific": "anova", "label": "Group comparison", "dsl_operations": ["group_summary", "welch_t", "bootstrap_mean_difference", "group_comparison_anova"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["two_or_more_groups_continuous"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "ANOVA"}}, {"id": "method-5", "family": "contingency_analysis", "specific": "chi_square", "label": "Categorical (contingency table) analysis", "dsl_operations": ["chi_square_test"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["categorical_cross_tabulation"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "χ2"}}], "targets": [], "gaps": ["method.reader_differs_from_extractor"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "blocked", "tier": "R4", "blocking_axis": "data", "blocked_on": "data:accession_absent", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["survival_km"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: kaplan_meier."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R4", "reachable": false, "accessions": [], "resolved_accessions": [], "statements": ["The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors."], "basis": "The paper names no accession to its source data, so the data has to come from the authors."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["survival_km"], "assets": ["source:pmid:35141222"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:None"]}, "gaps": ["data:accession_absent"]}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T17:33:42Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 11362, "completion_tokens": 2497, "cached_tokens": 128}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:35141222", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:35141222"}, {"id": "source:pmid:35141222", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 35141222 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:None", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO None"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:35141222", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:35141222"}, {"id": "source:pmid:35141222", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 35141222 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:None", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO None"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-35141222", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:35141222"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-None", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:None"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:35141222", "parent_hash": "sha256:54af89e39c132f16e79961acc558e671a05d703522f01c38044f2623e7e1be93", "fork_of": null, "generation": 3}, "gaps": ["execution.not_run", "method.reader_differs_from_extractor", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "step:obtain_source_data blocked on data:accession_absent"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "ihc", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["bioinformatics analysis were verified by an immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The results showed that t", "rrelated with drug sensitivity. Finally, the immunohistochemical results confirmed that the clinical stage (Ⅰ", "3.6.3). SPSS 26.0 software was used for the IHC data analysis. The χ2 test was used to analy"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1432", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "survival_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["survival_km"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["Patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and timeROC curves according to Mapk14 expression levels, and correlation analyses between the two variables were performed using the Spearman test, with p < 0.05 considered significantly different."], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:2"}]}