Identification of potential key molecular biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma by bioinformatics analysis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35261899", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:2698999908382c6f14a1bdaca115cf9b4aed25345e2f73c555586ac3a02ab7d4", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:14:02Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:48:37Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of potential key molecular biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma by bioinformatics analysis.", "doi": "10.21037/tcr-21-2676", "pmid": "35261899", "authors": ["Pengyi Guo", "Tinghui Xu", "Ying Jiang", "Wenming Shen"], "journal": "Translational cancer research", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, of which the rate of incidence has continuously increased over recent years. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequent pathological type of lung cancer.\nMethods: In order to discover the key markers for the occurrence and development of LUAD, we collected messenger RNA (mRNA) expression datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), namely, GSE2514, GSE7670, and GSE40275. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the online interface between GEO and R (GEO2R). Then, DEGs were functionally annotated in the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Next, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was drawn by using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) web tool and Cytoscape software. Finally, Kaplan-Meier plotter was utilized to analyze the overall survival (OS) of the hub genes. The correlation between fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and immune infiltration was studied by TIMER web services.\nResults: In this study, we obtained a total of 284 DEGs through the intersection of 3 datasets, and found that DEGs were highly related to biological processes such as \"cell adhesion\", \"cell differentiation\", and \"cell proliferation\". After that, the hub genes were obtained by analyzing the PPI network. Finally, we found that the abnormal expression of hub genes is obviously related to poor prognosis in LUAD patients. The expression level of FGF2 was positively correlated with the immune infiltration in LUAD.\nConclusions: In general, the DEGs and hub genes can provide new research targets for the development of LUAD, as well as potential diagnosis and treatment strategies for disease treatment. In particular, FGF2 expression was found to be involved in the immune microenvironment of LUAD.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The GEO2R is used to screen DEGs. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database and Prognoscan database were used to analyze the survival of hub gene. The correlation between gene expression and immune infiltration was displayed by Spearman correlation and statistical significance.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35261899", "locator": "sections[10] \"Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The GEO2R is used to screen DEGs."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:35261899", "locator": "sections[10] \"Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database and Prognoscan database were used to analyze the survival of hub gene."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:35261899", "locator": "sections[10] \"Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The correlation between gene expression and immune infiltration was displayed by Spearman correlation and statistical significance."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Among them, GSE2514 contains 19 tumor samples and 19 normal lung tissue samples", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35261899", "locator": "sections[3] \"Source of data\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Among them, GSE2514 contains 19 tumor samples and 19 normal lung tissue samples"}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The study screened 284 differentially expressed genes and identified 10 hub genes as potential biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35261899", "locator": "sections[1] \"Introduction\" paragraph 3", "quote": "As a result, 284 DEGs and 10 hub genes were screened, which may be used as potential biomarkers for LUAD."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The study screened 284 differentially expressed genes and identified 10 hub genes as potential biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35261899"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE2514"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE2514"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:35261899", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-21-2676", "sha256": 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