miRNA-29a inhibits atherosclerotic plaque formation by mediating macrophage autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35288486", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:0c8e8f752ac2edab65ca4164f76086fb9db852eb5a56198dd614c33d1f9bba5a", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:14:04Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:48:40Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "miRNA-29a inhibits atherosclerotic plaque formation by mediating macrophage autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.", "doi": "10.18632/aging.203951", "pmid": "35288486", "authors": ["Weihua Shao", "Suxing Wang", "Xiaoxi Wang", "Lixia Yao", "Xiaoye Yuan", "Dai Huang", "Bonan Lv", "Yuquan Ye", "Hongyuan Xue"], "journal": "Aging", "year": 2022, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: miR-29a plays a vital role in AS, but the relationship between the miR-29a-targeted PI3K signaling pathway and AS remains unclear. Therefore, this study was carried out.\nMETHODS: Gene expression profiles from the GEO database containing AS samples were analyzed. ApoE-/- mice and RAW264.7 cells were treated with miR-29a negative control (NC), miR-29a mimic and miR-29a inhibitor to establish the AS model. Then MOVAT staining, TEM, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were adopted for testing target proteins.\nRESULTS: DEGs were identified from GSE137578, GSE132651, GSE113969, GSE43292, and GSE97210 datasets. It was found that there were targeted binding sites between miR-29a and PIK3CA. Besides, GO and KEGG analysis demonstrated that autophagy was an enriched pathway in AS. Later, PPI network was depicted, and hub genes were then determined. The results revealed that miR-29a suppressed the areas of plaques and lesional macrophages, but had no impact on VSMCs. TEM results showed the organelles pyknosis of lesional macrophages damaged morphological changes. Furthermore, miR-29a amplified the M2-like macrophages but suppressed the polarization of M1-like macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. According to mouse and RAW 264.7 cell experiments, miR-29a significantly inhibited the protein expressions of PI3K, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR, which were consistent with the increased expressions of autophagy-related proteins, Beclin 1 and LC3II. However, the miR-29a suppression exhibited the contrary results.\nCONCLUSION: MiR-29a elevation induces the increase of autophagy by down-regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the progression of AS, indicating that miR-29a is a novel therapeutic strategy for AS.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The DEGs were assessed by paired-sample t-tests within each dataset with criteria of P < 0.05 and |log2FC|≥2 (Figure 1E–1H).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35288486", "locator": "sections[14] \"Identification and integration of DEGs in AS\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The DEGs were assessed by paired-sample t-tests within each dataset with criteria of P < 0.05 and |log2FC|≥2 (Figure 1E–1H)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "GSE137578, GSE132651, GSE113969, GSE43292 and GSE97210 datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35288486", "locator": "sections[3] \"Microarray expression profiling and differential expression analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "GSE137578, GSE132651, GSE113969, GSE43292 and GSE97210 datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "MiR-29a elevation induces the increase of autophagy by down-regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the progression of AS, indicating that miR-29a is a novel therapeutic strategy for AS.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35288486", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "Conclusion: MiR-29a elevation induces the increase of autophagy by down-regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the progression of AS, indicating that miR-29a is a novel therapeutic strategy for AS."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "MiR-29a elevation induces the increase of autophagy by down-regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the progression of AS, indicating that miR-29a is a novel therapeutic strategy for AS.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35288486"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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According to mouse and RAW 264.7 cell experiments, miR-29a sign", "ND METHODS Cell culture and transfection The mouse RAW264.7 cells were purchased from American"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1313", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "transfection", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell culture and transfection The mouse RAW264.7 cells were purchased from", "4.7 cells were divided into three groups and transfected with NC mimic, miR-29a mimic, and anti-miR-2", "na), respectively, by the Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagents (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) acc"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1856", "id": "assay:4"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "cell_culture", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["pe Culture Collection (ATCC, USA). 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