Identifying Key Biomarkers and Immune Infiltration in Female Patients with Ischemic Stroke Based on Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis.

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Evidence shows that ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for nearly 80 percent of all strokes and that the etiology, risk factors, and prognosis of this disease differ by gender. Female patients may bear a greater burden than male patients. The immune system may play an important role in the pathophysiology of females with IS. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the key biomarkers and immune infiltration of female IS patients to develop effective treatment methods. Herein, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to determine the key modules and core genes in female IS patients using the GSE22255, GSE37587, and GSE16561 datasets from the GEO database. Subsequently, we performed functional enrichment analysis and built a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Ten genes were selected as the true central genes for further investigation. After that, we explored the specific molecular and biological functions of these hub genes to gain a better understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of female IS patients. Moreover, the \"Cell type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT)\" was used to examine the distribution pattern of immune subtypes in female patients with IS and normal controls, revealing a new potential target for clinical treatment of the disease.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The correlation analysis of gene expression and disease characteristics was performed by WGCNA, and four-gene expression modules were developed (Figure 3(a)).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35432523", "locator": "sections[15] \"3.3. Identification of Clinically Significant Modules\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The correlation analysis of gene expression and disease characteristics was performed by WGCNA, and four-gene expression modules were developed (Figure 3(a))."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35432523", "locator": "sections[22] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Gene expression of the turquoise module was most closely related to the normal and ischemic stroke groups (r =0.44).", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 0.44, "unit": "correlation coefficient", "tolerance": null, "source": "As demonstrated in Figures 3(b) and 3(c), gene expression of the turquoise module was most closely related to the two groups of key factors (normal and IS) (r =0.44)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35432523", "locator": "sections[15] \"3.3. Identification of Clinically Significant Modules\" paragraph 2", "quote": "As demonstrated in Figures 3(b) and 3(c), gene expression of the turquoise module was most closely related to the two groups of key factors (normal and IS) (r =0.44)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Gene expression of the turquoise module was most closely related to the normal and ischemic stroke groups (r =0.44).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35432523"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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