Secretome Analysis of Macrophomina phaseolina Identifies an Array of Putative Virulence Factors Responsible for Charcoal Rot Disease in Plants.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35479629", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:2a60d3090b9489aefbca578ba252dffabcf96e35fa42a6ffe85e6950e2f16887", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:14:20Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:27:43Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Secretome Analysis of Macrophomina phaseolina Identifies an Array of Putative Virulence Factors Responsible for Charcoal Rot Disease in Plants.", "doi": "10.3389/fmicb.2022.847832", "pmid": "35479629", "authors": ["Nilanjan Sinha", "Sourav Kumar Patra", "Sanjay Ghosh"], "journal": "Frontiers in microbiology", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Macrophomina phaseolina is a global devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen. It causes charcoal rot disease in more than 500 host plants including major food crops, pulse crops, fiber crops, and oil crops. Despite having the whole-genome sequence of M. phaseolina, understanding the M. phaseolina genome-based plant-pathogen interactions is limited in the absence of direct experimental proof of secretion. Thus, it is essential to understand the host-microbe interaction and the disease pathogenesis, which can ensure global agricultural crop production and security. An in silico-predicted secretome of M. phaseolina is unable to represent the actual secretome. We could identify 117 proteins present in the secretome of M. phaseolina using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032749. An array of putative virulence factors of M. phaseolina were identified in the present study using solid-state culture. Similar virulence factors have been reported in other plant pathogenic fungi also. Among the secretory fungal proteins with positive economic impacts, lignocellulolytic enzymes are of prime importance. Further, we validated our results by detecting the cell wall-degrading enzymes xylanase, endoglucanase, and amylase in the secretome of M. phaseolina. The present study may provide a better understanding about the necrotrophic fungi M. phaseolina, which modulate the host plant defense barriers using secretory proteins.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Fisher exact test was selected as significance test, and Benjamini–Hochberg procedure was selected as adjustment method.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35479629", "locator": "sections[9] \"Bioinformatics Tools Used in Analysis of Macrophomina phaseolina Secretome\" paragraph 3", "quote": "Fisher exact test was selected as significance test, and Benjamini–Hochberg procedure was selected as adjustment method."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data presented in the study are deposited in the ProteomeXchange repository, accession number PXD032749.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35479629", "locator": "sections[19] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data presented in the study are deposited in the ProteomeXchange repository, accession number PXD032749."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The study identified 117 proteins in the secretome of Macrophomina phaseolina using LC–electrospray ionization–MS/MS.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35479629", "locator": "sections[1] \"Introduction\" paragraph 3", "quote": "We identified 117 proteins present in the secretome of M. phaseolina using LC–electrospray ionization–MS/MS (LC-ESI-MS/MS)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The study identified 117 proteins in the secretome of Macrophomina phaseolina using LC–electrospray ionization–MS/MS.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35479629"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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