Artemisinin Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Disturbance in Ulcerative Colitis Rats Induced by DSS.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35497913", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:436548376aa841819d74fc0b30400c1c7dffa5e2bb700f23124ff561c8bf1626", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:14:22Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:48:58Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Artemisinin Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Disturbance in Ulcerative Colitis Rats Induced by DSS.", "doi": "10.1155/2022/6211215", "pmid": "35497913", "authors": ["Xuemei Jia", "Yunxiao Gao", "Liran Liu", "Yuxi Guo", "Jie Wang", "Hongyu Ma", "Runyuan Zhao", "Bolin Li", "Yao Du", "Qian Yang"], "journal": "Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Objective: This study is aimed to reveal the possible mechanisms of artemisinin in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) through bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification in UC model rats.\nMethods: Firstly, we searched two microarray data of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between UC samples and normal samples. Then, we selected DEGs for gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The acute UC model of rats was established by using 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 10 days to verify the core pathway. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of artemisinin at the molecular level and used metabonomics to study the endogenous metabolites in the rat serum.\nResults: We screened in the GEO database and selected two eligible microarray datasets, GSE36807 and GSE9452. We performed GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs and found that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the inflammatory response, immune response, and IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, we verified the IL-17 signaling pathway and key cytokines, and ELISA and immunohistochemical results showed that artemisinin could downregulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-17 in the IL-17 signaling pathway and upregulate the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine PPAR-γ. Metabolomics analysis showed that 33 differential metabolites were identified in the artemisinin group (AG) compared to the model group (MG). Differential metabolites were mainly involved in alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies.\nConclusion: In this study, we found that artemisinin can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response in UC rats and regulate metabolites and related metabolic pathways. This study provides a foundation for further research on the mechanism of artemisinin in the treatment of UC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The R software “limma” package was used to screen DEGs between patients with UC and healthy human colon tissues, and the DEGs data of the intersection between the two were visualized with online software Venn diagram.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35497913", "locator": "sections[5] \"2.1.2. Data Preprocessing\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The R software “limma” package was used to screen DEGs between patients with UC and healthy human colon tissues, and the DEGs data of the intersection between the two were visualized with online software Venn diagram."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35497913", "locator": "sections[34] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Metabolomics analysis showed that 33 differential metabolites were identified in the artemisinin group (AG) compared to the model group (MG).", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35497913", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "Metabolomics analysis showed that 33 differential metabolites were identified in the artemisinin group (AG) compared to the model group (MG)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Metabolomics analysis showed that 33 differential metabolites were identified in the artemisinin group (AG) compared to the model group (MG).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35497913"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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Results: We screened in the GEO datab", "is and experimental verification in UC model rats. Methods: Firstly, we searched two microarra", "y enrichment analysis. The acute UC model of rats was established by using 3.5% dextran sulfat"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:51", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "microarray", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["odel rats. Methods: Firstly, we searched two microarray data of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) da", "n the GEO database and selected two eligible microarray datasets, GSE36807 and GSE9452. 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