Insights into potential mechanisms of asthma patients with COVID-19: A study based on the gene expression profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35751199", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:300d13a2d2676d7e709310b5ea265f5c8f43fc8f2007fd987b5cffb942c70f13", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:14:46Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:49:24Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Insights into potential mechanisms of asthma patients with COVID-19: A study based on the gene expression profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.", "doi": "10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105601", "pmid": "35751199", "authors": ["Yong Jiang", "Qian Yan", "Cheng-Xin Liu", "Chen-Wen Peng", "Wen-Jiang Zheng", "Hong-Fa Zhuang", "Hui-Ting Huang", "Qiong Liu", "Hui-Li Liao", "Shao-Feng Zhan", "Xiao-Hong Liu", "Xiu-Fang Huang"], "journal": "Computers in biology and medicine", "year": 2022, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a major challenge threatening the global healthcare system. Respiratory virus infection is the most common cause of asthma attacks, and thus COVID-19 may contribute to an increase in asthma exacerbations. However, the mechanisms of COVID-19/asthma comorbidity remain unclear.\nMETHODS: The \"Limma\" package or \"DESeq2\" package was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Alveolar lavage fluid datasets of COVID-19 and asthma were obtained from the GEO and GSV database. A series of analyses of common host factors for COVID-19 and asthma were conducted, including PPI network construction, module analysis, enrichment analysis, inference of the upstream pathway activity of host factors, tissue-specific analysis and drug candidate prediction. Finally, the key host factors were verified in the GSE152418 and GSE164805 datasets.\nRESULTS: 192 overlapping host factors were obtained by analyzing the intersection of asthma and COVID-19. FN1, UBA52, EEF1A1, ITGB1, XPO1, NPM1, EGR1, EIF4E, SRSF1, CCR5, PXN, IRF8 and DDX5 as host factors were tightly connected in the PPI network. Module analysis identified five modules with different biological functions and pathways. According to the degree values ranking in the PPI network, EEF1A1, EGR1, UBA52, DDX5 and IRF8 were considered as the key cohost factors for COVID-19 and asthma. The H2O2, VEGF, IL-1 and Wnt signaling pathways had the strongest activities in the upstream pathways. Tissue-specific enrichment analysis revealed the different expression levels of the five critical host factors. LY294002, wortmannin, PD98059 and heparin might have great potential to evolve into therapeutic drugs for COVID-19 and asthma comorbidity. Finally, the validation dataset confirmed that the expression of five key host factors were statistically significant among COVID-19 groups with different severity and healthy control subjects.\nCONCLUSIONS: This study constructed a network of common host factors between asthma and COVID-19 and predicted several drugs with therapeutic potential. Therefore, this study is likely to provide a reference for the management and treatment for COVID-19/asthma comorbidity.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The “DESeq2 package” (v1.26.0) [24] in R was used to screen differential expressed genes (DEGs). The criteria were set as follows: adjusted P-value <0.05 and log|fold-change (FC)| ≥ 1.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35751199", "locator": "sections[3] \"Transcriptomic data acquisitions\" paragraph 3", "quote": "The “DESeq2 package” (v1.26.0) [24] in R was used to screen differential expressed genes (DEGs). The criteria were set as follows: adjusted P-value <0.05 and log|fold-change (FC)| ≥ 1."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data and R code of this article are available at Gene Expression Omnibus public repository and supplementary file.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35751199", "locator": "sections[27] \"Data availability statements\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data and R code of this article are available at Gene Expression Omnibus public repository and supplementary file."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "192 overlapping host factors were obtained by analyzing the intersection of asthma and COVID-19.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35751199", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "192 overlapping host factors were obtained by analyzing the intersection of asthma and COVID-19."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "192 overlapping host factors were obtained by analyzing the intersection of asthma and COVID-19.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35751199"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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