Electronic cigarette liquids impair metabolic cooperation and alter proteomic profiles in V79 cells.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35840976", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:7df059360af5d8d01636bfa9495a33e29c36609b22bb648970e3169be2c11cf5", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:14:54Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:49:34Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Electronic cigarette liquids impair metabolic cooperation and alter proteomic profiles in V79 cells.", "doi": "10.1186/s12931-022-02102-w", "pmid": "35840976", "authors": ["Sara Trifunovic", "Katarina Smiljanić", "Albert Sickmann", "Fiorella A Solari", "Stoimir Kolarevic", "Aleksandra Divac Rankov", "Mila Ljujic"], "journal": "Respiratory research", "year": 2022, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Although still considered a safer alternative to classical cigarettes, growing body of work points to harmful effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) affecting a range of cellular processes. The biological effect of e-cigarettes needs to be investigated in more detail considering their widespread use.\nMETHODS: In this study, we treated V79 lung fibroblasts with sub-cytotoxic concentration of e-cigarette liquids, with and without nicotine. Mutagenicity was evaluated by HPRT assay, genotoxicity by comet assay and the effect on cellular communication by metabolic cooperation assay. Additionally, comprehensive proteome analysis was performed via high resolution, parallel accumulation serial fragmentation-PASEF mass spectrometry.\nRESULTS: E-cigarette liquid concentration used in this study showed no mutagenic or genotoxic effect, however it negatively impacted metabolic cooperation between V79 cells. Both e-cigarette liquids induced significant depletion in total number of proteins and impairment of mitochondrial function in treated cells. The focal adhesion proteins were upregulated, which is in accordance with the results of metabolic cooperation assay. Increased presence of posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including carbonylation and direct oxidative modifications, was observed. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032071.\nCONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed impairment of metabolic cooperation as well as significant proteome and PTMs alterations in V79 cells treated with e-cigarette liquid warranting future studies on e-cigarettes health impact.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Normality was tested by Shapiro–Wilk test and one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test or Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA were applied. Differences with a p-value lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.\nPEAKS Q statistical test was used within PEAKS Studio proteomic platform to test for significant differences in relative label free protein quantification. Hypergeometric test as an uncorrected p value assessment method, and Bonferroni test, together with BH and Q-value (Storey-Tibshirani method) tests as corrected versions of p-value assessments were used by FunRich software version 3.1.3.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35840976", "locator": "sections[13] \"Statistics\" paragraphs 1-3", "quote": "Normality was tested by Shapiro–Wilk test and one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test or Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA were applied. Differences with a p-value lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.\nPEAKS Q statistical test was used within PEAKS Studio proteomic platform to test for significant differences in relative label free protein quantification. Hypergeometric test as an uncorrected p value assessment method, and Bonferroni test, together with BH and Q-value (Storey-Tibshirani method) tests as corrected versions of p-value assessments were used by FunRich software version 3.1.3."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available in the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository, http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/cgi/GetDataset?ID=PXD032071.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35840976", "locator": "sections[28] \"notes\" paragraph 1", "quote": "The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available in the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository, http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/cgi/GetDataset?ID=PXD032071."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Both e-cigarette liquids significantly increased the number of 6-TG resistant colonies in V79 cells, indicating impaired intercellular communication between wild type and HPRT deficient cells.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 0.01, "unit": "p-value", "tolerance": null, "source": "Using metabolic cooperation assay we found that treatments with e-cigarette liquids, both ECL and ECL-N, significantly increased number of 6-TG resistant colonies in V79 cells (39.59 ± 4.71% and 59.51 ± 10.67% respectively vs. 21.52 ± 2.4% for control; p < 0.01), indicating impaired intercellular communication between wild type and HPRT deficient cells (Fig. 2A)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35840976", "locator": "sections[16] \"Effect of e-cigarette liquids on metabolic cooperation in V79 cells\" paragraph 3", "quote": "Using metabolic cooperation assay we found that treatments with e-cigarette liquids, both ECL and ECL-N, significantly increased number of 6-TG resistant colonies in V79 cells (39.59 ± 4.71% and 59.51 ± 10.67% respectively vs. 21.52 ± 2.4% for control; p < 0.01), indicating impaired intercellular communication between wild type and HPRT deficient cells (Fig. 2A)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Both e-cigarette liquids significantly increased the number of 6-TG resistant colonies in V79 cells, indicating impaired intercellular communication between wild type and HPRT deficient cells.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35840976"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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