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pmid:35860263
Cross-Talk of Multiple Types of RNA Modification Regulators Uncovers the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Infiltrates in Soft Tissue Sarcoma.
Lin Qi · Wenchao Zhang · Xiaolei Ren · Ruiling Xu · Zhimin Yang · Ruiqi Chen · Chao Tu · Zhihong Li
Frontiers in immunology · 2022 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.921223
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Complete file
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In recent years, RNA modifications including m6A, m5C, m1A, and m7G have been demonstrated to regulate immune response and tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the cross-talk among these RNA modification regulators and related effects upon the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune infiltrates, and immunotherapy in STS remain poorly understood.\nMethods: In this study, we comprehensively investigated transcriptional and genetic alterations of 32 RNA modification regulators in STS patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and validated them in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. Single-cell transcriptomes were introduced to identify regulators within specific cell types, with own sequencing data and RT-qPCR conducted for biological validation. Distinct regulator clusters and regulator gene subtypes were identified by using unsupervised consensus clustering analysis. We further built the regulator score model based on the prognostic regulator-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which could be used to quantitatively assess the risk for individual STS patients. The clinical and biological characteristics of different regulator score groups were further examined.\nResults: A total of 455 patients with STS were included in this analysis. The network of 32 RNA modification regulators demonstrated significant correlations within multiple different RNA modification types. Distinct regulator clusters and regulator gene subtypes were characterized by markedly different prognoses and TME landscapes. The low regulator score group in the TCGA-SARC cohort was characterized by poor prognosis. The robustness of the scoring model was further confirmed by the external validation in GSE30929 and GSE17674. The regulator score was negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell, Th2 cell, and Treg cell recruitment and most immunotherapy-predicted pathways, and was also associated with immunotherapy efficacy.\nConclusions: Overall, our study is the first to demonstrate the cross-talk of RNA modification regulators and the potential roles in TME and immune infiltrates in STS. 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The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE30929", "GSE17674", "GSE131309", "GSE198568"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE30929", "GSE17674", "GSE131309", "GSE198568"], "statements": ["The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found below: NCBI GEO, accession no: GSE198568. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE198568."], "basis": "The paper names GSE30929, GSE17674, GSE131309, GSE198568 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": [], "assets": ["source:pmid:35860263", "data:geo:GSE131309"], "steps": []}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [{"operation": "group_comparison_wilcoxon", "unlocks_papers": null, "priority": null}], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE131309"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T17:56:18Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 14166, "completion_tokens": 2102, "cached_tokens": 256}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:35860263", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:35860263"}, {"id": "source:pmid:35860263", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 35860263 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE131309", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE131309"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:35860263", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:35860263"}, {"id": "source:pmid:35860263", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 35860263 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE131309", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE131309"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-35860263", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:35860263"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE131309", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE131309"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:35860263", "parent_hash": "sha256:613cf9395ab0a037c5dec1a029a2103250a83287d77afa645b67d9b699ace036", "fork_of": null, "generation": 3}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE131309 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE131309 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE17674 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE17674 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE198568 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE198568 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE30929 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE30929 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.group_comparison_wilcoxon", "method.reader_named_unmapped", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "step:run_analysis blocked on method:group_comparison_wilcoxon"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "qpcr", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["fic cell types, with own sequencing data and RT-qPCR conducted for biological validation. Distinc", "cell types, with own sequencing data and RT-qPCR conducted for biological validation. Distinc", "tary Table 3Sequences of the primers used in RT-qPCR.Click here for additional data file. Supplem", "y Table 3Sequences of the primers used in RT-qPCR.Click here for additional data file. Supplem"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:971", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "cell_culture", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["shed as previously described (60). The above cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) s", "ly described (60). 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