Hypoxia-Immune-Related Gene SLC19A1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker for Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35958555", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:fbce7d27cd5857849dd328c6b648ba28cae33f8f1808a7c823c919c6ecdaebf4", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:15:03Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:28:35Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Hypoxia-Immune-Related Gene SLC19A1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker for Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma.", "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2022.843369", "pmid": "35958555", "authors": ["Wenjin Li", "Peng Yuan", "Weiqin Liu", "Lichan Xiao", "Chun Xu", "Qiuyu Mo", "Shujuan Xu", "Yuchan He", "Duanfeng Jiang", "Xiaotao Wang"], "journal": "Frontiers in immunology", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignant tumor of plasma cells. Increasing evidence has reported that hypoxia and immune status contribute to the progression of MM. In this research, the prognostic value of the hypoxia-immune-related gene SLC19A1 in MM was evaluated by bioinformatics analysis.\nMethod: RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data along with clinical information on MM were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Consistent clustering analysis and ESTIMATE algorithms were performed to establish the MM sample subgroups related to hypoxia and immune status, respectively, based on the GSE24080 dataset. The differentially expressed analysis was performed to identify the hypoxia-immune-related genes. Subsequently, a hypoxia-immune-gene risk signature for MM patients was constructed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, which was also verified in the GSE4581 dataset. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of SLC19A1 was determined using qRT-PCR in 19 MM patients, and the correlations between the genetic expression of SLC19A1 and clinical features were further analyzed.\nResult: A total of 47 genes were identified as hypoxia-immune-related genes for MM. Among these genes, SLC19A1 was screened to construct a risk score model that had better predictive power for MM. The constructed prognostic signature based on SLC19A1 was verified in the GSE4581 dataset. All independent prognostic factors (age, β2-microglobulin, LDH, albumin, MRI, and gene risk score) were used to develop a nomogram that showed a better performance for predicting the survival probability of MM patients for 1-5 years. Furthermore, SLC19A1 was highly expressed in newly diagnosed and relapsed MM patients, and high expression of SLC19A1 is correlated with higher bone marrow aspiration plasma cells and β2-microglobulin levels in MM patients.\nConclusion: In conclusion, our results suggest that SLC19A1 is aberrantly expressed in MM and highly expressed SLC19A1 might be a biomarker correlated with inferior prognosis. More importantly, we identified SLC19A1 as a hypoxia-immune-related gene in MM. Future functional and mechanistic studies will further clarify the roles of SLC19A1 in MM.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Subsequently, a hypoxia–immune-gene risk signature for MM patients was constructed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, which was also verified in the GSE4581 dataset.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35958555", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Subsequently, a hypoxia–immune-gene risk signature for MM patients was constructed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, which was also verified in the GSE4581 dataset."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data is publicly accessible in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and can be found at the website: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/, accession numbers (GSE24080 and GSE4581).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35958555", "locator": "sections[22] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data is publicly accessible in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and can be found at the website: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/, accession numbers (GSE24080 and GSE4581)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "A total of 47 genes were identified as hypoxia–immune-related genes for MM.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35958555", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "A total of 47 genes were identified as hypoxia–immune-related genes for MM."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "A total of 47 genes were identified as hypoxia–immune-related genes for MM.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35958555"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE24080"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE24080"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:35958555", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.843369", "sha256": "sha256:69ac9f88a1757f353e101635e456b420252186bac68289bb10e9571530458ecd", "bytes": 43561, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3389/fimmu.2022.843369", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC9358019", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE24080", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE24080", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE24080", "version": null, "note": "The data is publicly accessible in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and can be found at the website: 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