FOXF1 Was Identified as a Novel Biomarker of Infantile Hemangioma by Weighted Coexpression Network Analysis and Differential Gene Expression Analysis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:35992538", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:a5fe6ea8df7e69ac2d632de25e6c01e4315022a29f1bdc43192da9e3e134bed5", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:15:08Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:49:51Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "FOXF1 Was Identified as a Novel Biomarker of Infantile Hemangioma by Weighted Coexpression Network Analysis and Differential Gene Expression Analysis.", "doi": "10.1155/2022/8981078", "pmid": "35992538", "authors": ["Yuchao Zhang", "Ping Wang"], "journal": "Contrast media & molecular imaging", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Background: The most frequent benign tumor in newborns is infantile hemangioma. The majority of infantile hemangiomas has a favorable prognosis and generally fades away on their own. Some people, however, do experience major consequences. Transcriptome alterations in infantile hemangiomas are yet unclear. The use of transcriptome analysis to uncover diagnostic markers for infantile hemangioma has clinical implications.\nMethods: The dataset GSE127487 for infantile hemangioma was obtained from the GEO database. The gene set most related with infantile hemangioma was investigated using weighted coexpression network analysis. Differential expression analysis was performed to see whether genes were up or downregulated in infantile hemangiomas. The enrichment of gene sets in pathways or functions is determined via enrichment analysis. Hub genes were discovered via protein-protein interaction network analysis. The relationship between hub genes and immune cells was investigated using immunomicroenvironment analysis.\nResults: Turquoise and Pink modules were revealed to be the most linked with infantile hemangioma in a weighted coexpression network analysis (p < 0.001). The genes in the two modules were mostly concentrated in actin filament organization, embryonic organ development, reproductive structure development, cell substrate adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, and so on, according to GO enrichment analysis (p < 0.05). These gene enrichment pathways comprised the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, human papillomavirus infection, focal adhesion, and hepatitis C pathways, according to KEGG enrichment analyzes (p < 0.05). Differential expressed gene analysis showed 43 upregulated and 21 downregulated genes in infantile hemangiomas. We found the gene set most associated to infantile hemangioma by intersecting the elevated genes with the genes acquired by WGCNA, with FOXF1 serving as the hub gene. FOXF1 was linked to the degree of monocyte infiltration, according to immunocorrelation analysis (p < 0.05). B cell memory, dendritic cells resting, macrophage M0, neutrophils, and T cells helper are all negatively connected (p < 0.05). In the FOXF1 hyperexpression group, GSEA analysis revealed that cholesterol homeostasis and cell cycle-associated pathways G2M checkpoint were primarily activated (p < 0.05).\nConclusion: FOXF1 was found to be a reliable biomarker of infantile hemangiomas in our research of transcriptome changes in infantile hemangiomas.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The “LIMMA” software was used to look for differentially expressed genes in the control and infantile hemangioma groups, with p value < 0.05 and | logFC | > 0.5.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35992538", "locator": "sections[7] \"2.5. Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs)\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The “LIMMA” software was used to look for differentially expressed genes in the control and infantile hemangioma groups, with p value < 0.05 and | logFC | > 0.5."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35992538", "locator": "sections[21] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "FOXF1 was identified as a reliable diagnostic biomarker of infantile hemangioma, with ROC and PRC AUC values of 0.97 and 0.99, respectively.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 0.001, "unit": "p-value", "tolerance": null, "source": "FOXF1 was found to be strongly expressed in infantile hemangiomas (p < 0.001), as shown in Figure 4(a). ROC and PRC analyses were used to further investigate the diagnostic significance of this gene in infantile hemangioma. The AUC of ROC analysis was 0.97, while the AUC of PRC analysis was 0.99, indicating that FOXF1 is a reliable marker for the diagnosis of infantile hemangioma, as shown in Figure 4(b)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:35992538", "locator": "sections[15] \"3.4. Expression and Diagnostic Value of FOXF1 in Infantile Hemangioma\" paragraph 2", "quote": "FOXF1 was found to be strongly expressed in infantile hemangiomas (p < 0.001), as shown in Figure 4(a). ROC and PRC analyses were used to further investigate the diagnostic significance of this gene in infantile hemangioma. The AUC of ROC analysis was 0.97, while the AUC of PRC analysis was 0.99, indicating that FOXF1 is a reliable marker for the diagnosis of infantile hemangioma, as shown in Figure 4(b)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "FOXF1 was identified as a reliable diagnostic biomarker of infantile hemangioma, with ROC and PRC AUC values of 0.97 and 0.99, respectively.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:35992538"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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