FGFBP1 as a potential biomarker predicting bacillus Calmette-Guérin response in bladder cancer.

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Therefore, we first identified that fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 (FGFBP1) was upregulated in failures of BCG therapy, and the increased FGFBP1 had a poor outcome for BCa patients in the E-MTAB-4321 and GSE19423 datasets. These different expression genes associated with FGFBP1 expression are mainly involved in neutrophil activation, neutrophil-mediated immunity, and tumor necrosis factor-mediated signal pathways in biological processes. A significant positive correlation was observed between FGFBP1 expression and regulatory T-cell (Treg) infiltration by the Spearman correlation test in the BCG cohort (r = 0.177) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (r = 0.176), suggesting that FGFBP1 may influence the response of BCa patients to BCG immunotherapy through immune escape. Though FGFBP1 expression was positively correlated with the expressions of PD-L1, CTLA4, and PDCD1 in TCGA cohort, a strong association between FGFBP1 and PD-L1 expression was only detected in the BCG cohort (r = 0.750). Furthermore, elevated FGFBP1 was observed in BCa cell lines and tissues in comparison to corresponding normal controls by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Increased FGFBP1 was further detected in the failures than in the responders by immunohistochemical staining. Notably, FGFBP1 is positively associated with PD-L1 expression in BCa patients with BCG treatment. To sum up, FGFBP1 in BCa tissue could be identified as a promising biomarker for the accurate prediction of BCG response in BCa.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of FGFBP1 for the prediction of BCG response.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36119059", "locator": "sections[4] \"Identification of prognosis-related genes\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of FGFBP1 for the prediction of BCG response."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material . 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