Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7) Promotes Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via SOX9 Regulation and TGF-β Signaling.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:36202326", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:ed42e27458157e6ee9191c1b8e9b3b0b687fb7f93638438e5ee763c929c0780f", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:15:31Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:07:44Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7) Promotes Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via SOX9 Regulation and TGF-β Signaling.", "doi": "10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.09.015", "pmid": "36202326", "authors": ["Tsz Lam Matthew Wong", "Tin-Lok Wong", "Lei Zhou", "Kwan Man", "James Purcell", "Terence K Lee", "Jing-Ping Yun", "Stephanie Ma"], "journal": "Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology", "year": 2023, "abstract": "BACKGROUND & AIMS: Metastasis is found in most advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and it drives tumor recurrence and systemic failure. There is no effective treatment owing to its complex biological features. Many of the molecular drivers of metastasis are crucial players in normal physiology but behave unconventionally during cancer progression. Targeting these molecular drivers for therapy and differentiating them from a physiological background require a detailed examination of the novel mechanisms involved in their activation during metastasis.\nMETHODS: Publicly available transcriptomic data such as that of TCGA-LIHC and Gene Expression Omnibus were utilized to identify novel targets upregulated in advanced and metastatic HCC. Validation of candidates was assisted by immunohistochemistry performed on tissue microarrays derived from more than 100 HCC patients. Expression of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) was studied under the treatment of transforming growth factor-β1 and knockdown of SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) to delineate upstream regulation, while CRISPR-mediated knockout and lentiviral overexpression of PTK7 in HCC cells were performed to study their functional and signaling consequences. Manipulated HCC cells were injected into mice models either by orthotopic or tail-vein injection to observe for any in vivo pro-metastatic effects.\nRESULTS: PTK7 was discovered to be the kinase most significantly upregulated in advanced and metastatic HCC, at both transcriptomic and proteomic level. Bioinformatic analyses and functional assays performed in HCC cell lines revealed transforming growth factor-β signaling and SOX9 to be important activators of PTK7 expression. Functionally, enrichment of PTK7 expression could positively regulate metastatic potential of HCC cells in vitro and in lung metastasis models performed in immunodeficient mice. The up-regulation of PTK7 recruited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition components, zinc finger protein SNAI2 (SLUG) and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1).\nCONCLUSIONS: Our study proposes PTK7 as a novel molecular driver in metastatic HCC, particularly in a transforming growth factor-β-activated microenvironment. The preferential expression of PTK7 resulted in a previously unobserved regulatory effect on the recruitment of epithelial-mesenchymal transition components, which established PTK7 as a potential determinant of specific epithelial-mesenchymal transition status. Therefore, our data support the continual development of PTK7-targeted agents as antimetastatic therapies.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The evaluation of PTK7 expression in metastatic vs nonmetastatic HCC samples in GSE45114, by Student t test.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36202326", "locator": "sections[7] \"PTK7 Is the Most Significantly Deregulated Kinase in Metastatic and Advanced HCC and Correlates Positively With Adverse Clinical Outcomes\" paragraph 4", "quote": "The evaluation of PTK7 expression in metastatic vs nonmetastatic HCC samples in GSE45114, by Student t test."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "TCGA-LIHC data set was used to analyze the expression pattern of PTK7, its correlation with potential transcription regulators, and the enrichment of TGF-β signaling signature genes in HCC patients.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36202326", "locator": "sections[19] \"Bioinformatic Analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "TCGA-LIHC data set was used to analyze the expression pattern of PTK7, its correlation with potential transcription regulators, and the enrichment of TGF-β signaling signature genes in HCC patients."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "PTK7 was discovered to be the kinase most significantly upregulated in advanced and metastatic HCC, at both transcriptomic and proteomic level.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36202326", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "PTK7 was discovered to be the kinase most significantly upregulated in advanced and metastatic HCC, at both transcriptomic and proteomic level."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "PTK7 was discovered to be the kinase most significantly upregulated in advanced and metastatic HCC, at both transcriptomic and proteomic level.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:36202326"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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