Identification of the Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) as a Novel Biomarker in the Prognosis for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:36291567", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:e70e5407f5b566dc868ee9b4a7633b8021b76c369cbf3e8607b1510e9899f5fa", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:15:42Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:50:28Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of the Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) as a Novel Biomarker in the Prognosis for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.", "doi": "10.3390/biom12101359", "pmid": "36291567", "authors": ["Yan Gao", "Jia-Fan Zhou", "Jia-Ying Mao", "Lu Jiang", "Xue-Ping Li"], "journal": "Biomolecules", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically and genetically heterogeneous hematological malignance with an unsatisfactory risk stratification system. Recently, through the novel single-cell RNA sequencing technology, we revealed heterogeneous leukemia myeloblasts in RUNX1-RUNX1T1 AML. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), as biomarkers of CD34+CD117bri myeloblasts, were found to be prognostic in RUNX1-RUNX1T1 AML. However, the clinical and genetic features of TRH in AML patients are poorly understood. Here, with data from TCGA AML, TRH was found to be downregulated in patients older than 60 years old, with DNMT3A and NPM1 mutations, while overexpressed in patients with KIT mutations. This was further validated in three other cohorts of primary AML including Beat AML (n = 223), GSE6891 (n = 461), and GSE17855 (n = 237). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expression of TRH in AML could be used to improve the ELN 2017 risk stratification system. In conclusion, our preliminary analysis revealed that TRH, a novel biomarker for AML patients, could be used to evaluate the survival of AML.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the probability of overall survival (OS). Log-rank tests were used to compare the P value.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36291567", "locator": "sections[7] \"2.5. Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the probability of overall survival (OS). Log-rank tests were used to compare the P value."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Publicly available datasets including TCGA, Beat AML, GSE6891, and GSE17855 can be downloaded from online. Data of AML with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 can be accessed on the National Omics Data Encyclopedia (http://www.biosino.org/node/project/detail/OEP000629 (accessed on 12 December 2021)).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36291567", "locator": "sections[22] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Publicly available datasets including TCGA, Beat AML, GSE6891, and GSE17855 can be downloaded from online. Data of AML with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 can be accessed on the National Omics Data Encyclopedia (http://www.biosino.org/node/project/detail/OEP000629 (accessed on 12 December 2021))."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Higher TRH expression was independently associated with better overall survival in the TCGA AML cohort and could refine the ELN 2017 risk stratification system.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 95.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "The multivariate analysis showed that age (HR, 1.035; 95%CI, 1.019–1.051; p < 0.001), WBC count (HR, 1.007; 95%CI, 1.002–1.011; p = 0.008), TRH expression (HR, 0.910; 95%CI, 0.840–0.987; p = 0.022), and ELN 2017 risk (HR, 1.655; 95%CI, 1.254–2.185; p < 0.001) remained independent prognostic factors for OS."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36291567", "locator": "sections[14] \"3.6. Improvement of Prognostic Stratification for the ELN Risk System\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The multivariate analysis showed that age (HR, 1.035; 95%CI, 1.019–1.051; p < 0.001), WBC count (HR, 1.007; 95%CI, 1.002–1.011; p = 0.008), TRH expression (HR, 0.910; 95%CI, 0.840–0.987; p = 0.022), and ELN 2017 risk (HR, 1.655; 95%CI, 1.254–2.185; p < 0.001) remained independent prognostic factors for OS."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:36291567", "locator": "sections[14] \"3.6. Improvement of Prognostic Stratification for the ELN Risk System\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Collectively, these data indicate that the expression of TRH could be used to further stratify AML patients on the basis of the ELN 2017 risk system."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Higher TRH expression was independently associated with better overall survival in the TCGA AML cohort and could refine the ELN 2017 risk stratification system.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:36291567"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE17855"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE17855"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:36291567", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12101359", "sha256": "sha256:5a747b6ff07893db2de40fd5011e715b66f11ae4abcca5903b5c2bded42bbff5", "bytes": 38743, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3390/biom12101359", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC9599642", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE17855", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE17855", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE17855", "version": null, "note": "Publicly available datasets including TCGA, Beat AML, GSE6891, and GSE17855 can be downloaded from online. 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