Anti-CXCL8 Autoantibody: A Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:36295640", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:cf8d32175dcfd21a1ad5c3cc4598f7acdd2ae955ce5d52f596c6efa2e002f39a", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:15:42Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:07:57Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Anti-CXCL8 Autoantibody: A Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.", "doi": "10.3390/medicina58101480", "pmid": "36295640", "authors": ["Huili Chen", "Guiying Sun", "Zhuo Han", "Huimin Wang", "Jiaxin Li", "Hua Ye", "Chunhua Song", "Jianying Zhang", "Peng Wang"], "journal": "Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Background and Objectives: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies. Anti-tumor associated antigen autoantibodies (TAAbs) can be used as biomarkers for tumor detection. The aim of this study was to identify a reliable TAAb as the diagnostic marker for ESCC. Materials and Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to screen candidate genes. The mRNA expression of the key gene was then verified by micro array dataset GSE44021 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the diag nostic value of the corresponding autoantibody to the key gene in ESCC was detected by enzyme-linked im muno sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: CXCL8 was identified as the key gene. The dataset GSE44021 showed that CXCL8 mRNA expression was prominently over-expressed in ESCC tissues compared with normal tissues. ELISA results showed that the level of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody in ESCC patients was significantly higher than in normal controls and the receiver operating char ac teristic (ROC) curve indicated that anti-CXCL8 autoantibody could discriminate ESCC patients from normal controls, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the verification cohort, and the validation cohort were 0.713 and 0.751, respectively. Conclusions: Our study illustrated that anti-CXCL8 autoantibody had good diagnostic value, and may become a candidate biomarker for ESCC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The differences in expression levels of autoantibodies between ESCC patients and normal controls were compared by using the nonparametric test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic ability of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody. Meanwhile, Youden’s index, likelihood ratio, and predictive value were calculated to evaluate the ability of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody to differentiate ESCC patients from normal controls. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of different clinical subgroups were analyzed by DeLong test. The frequency of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody in clinical subgroups was analyzed by chi-square test.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36295640", "locator": "sections[8] \"2.6. Statistical Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The differences in expression levels of autoantibodies between ESCC patients and normal controls were compared by using the nonparametric test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic ability of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody. Meanwhile, Youden’s index, likelihood ratio, and predictive value were calculated to evaluate the ability of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody to differentiate ESCC patients from normal controls. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of different clinical subgroups were analyzed by DeLong test. The frequency of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody in clinical subgroups was analyzed by chi-square test."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The analyzed data sets generated during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request for noncommercial use.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36295640", "locator": "sections[20] \"Data Availability Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The analyzed data sets generated during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request for noncommercial use."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Anti-CXCL8 autoantibody discriminates ESCC patients from normal controls, with AUC values of 0.713 and 0.751 in the verification and validation cohorts, respectively.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36295640", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "ELISA results showed that the level of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody in ESCC patients was significantly higher than in normal controls and the receiver operating char ac teristic (ROC) curve indicated that anti-CXCL8 autoantibody could discriminate ESCC patients from normal controls, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the verification cohort, and the validation cohort were 0.713 and 0.751, respectively."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Anti-CXCL8 autoantibody discriminates ESCC patients from normal controls, with AUC values of 0.713 and 0.751 in the verification and validation cohorts, respectively.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:36295640"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE44021"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE44021"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:36295640", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101480", "sha256": "sha256:58361b7105b5383c20b13519aeb8dc1546cc27f648aaaac052c3dea1f041ebed", "bytes": 32984, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3390/medicina58101480", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC9607113", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE44021", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE44021", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE44021", "version": null, "note": "The analyzed data sets generated during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request for noncommercial use.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The analyzed data sets generated during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request for noncommercial use.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1076726", "GSM1076727", "GSM1076728", "GSM1076729", "GSM1076730", "GSM1076731", "GSM1076732", "GSM1076733", "GSM1076734", "GSM1076735", "GSM1076736", "GSM1076737", "GSM1076738", "GSM1076739", "GSM1076740", "GSM1076741", "GSM1076742", "GSM1076743", "GSM1076744", "GSM1076745", "GSM1076746", "GSM1076747", "GSM1076748", "GSM1076749", "GSM1076750", "GSM1076751", "GSM1076752", "GSM1076753", "GSM1076754", "GSM1076755", "GSM1076756", "GSM1076757", "GSM1076758", "GSM1076759", "GSM1076760", "GSM1076761", "GSM1076762", "GSM1076763", "GSM1076764", "GSM1076765", "GSM1076766", "GSM1076767", "GSM1076768", "GSM1076769", "GSM1076770", "GSM1076771", "GSM1076772", "GSM1076773", "GSM1076774", "GSM1076775", "GSM1076776", "GSM1076777", "GSM1076778", "GSM1076779", "GSM1076780", "GSM1076781", "GSM1076782", "GSM1076783", "GSM1076784", "GSM1076785", "GSM1076786", "GSM1076787", "GSM1076788", "GSM1076789", "GSM1076790", "GSM1076791", "GSM1076792", "GSM1076793", "GSM1076794", "GSM1076795", "GSM1076796", "GSM1076797", "GSM1076798", "GSM1076799", "GSM1076800", "GSM1076801", "GSM1076802", "GSM1076803", "GSM1076804", "GSM1076805", "GSM1076806", "GSM1076807", "GSM1076808", "GSM1076809", "GSM1076810", "GSM1076811", "GSM1076812", "GSM1076813", "GSM1076814", "GSM1076815", "GSM1076816", "GSM1076817", "GSM1076818", "GSM1076819", "GSM1076820", "GSM1076821", "GSM1076822", "GSM1076823", "GSM1076824", "GSM1076825", "GSM1076826", "GSM1076827", "GSM1076828", "GSM1076829", "GSM1076830", "GSM1076831", "GSM1076832", "GSM1076833", "GSM1076834", "GSM1076835", "GSM1076836", "GSM1076837", "GSM1076838", "GSM1076839", "GSM1076840", "GSM1076841", "GSM1076842", "GSM1076843", "GSM1076844", "GSM1076845", "GSM1076846", "GSM1076847", "GSM1076848", "GSM1076849", "GSM1076850", "GSM1076851", "GSM1076852", "GSM1076853", "GSM1076854", "GSM1076855", "GSM1076856", "GSM1076857", "GSM1076858", "GSM1076859", "GSM1076860", "GSM1076861", "GSM1076862", "GSM1076863", "GSM1076864", "GSM1076865", "GSM1076866", "GSM1076867", "GSM1076868", "GSM1076869", "GSM1076870", "GSM1076871", "GSM1076872", "GSM1076873", "GSM1076874", "GSM1076875", "GSM1076876", "GSM1076877", "GSM1076878", "GSM1076879", "GSM1076880", "GSM1076881", "GSM1076882", "GSM1076883", "GSM1076884", "GSM1076885", "GSM1076886", "GSM1076887", "GSM1076888", "GSM1076889", "GSM1076890", "GSM1076891", "GSM1076892", "GSM1076893", "GSM1076894", "GSM1076895", "GSM1076896", "GSM1076897", "GSM1076898", "GSM1076899", "GSM1076900", "GSM1076901", "GSM1076902", "GSM1076903", "GSM1076904", "GSM1076905", "GSM1076906", "GSM1076907", "GSM1076908", "GSM1076909", "GSM1076910", "GSM1076911", "GSM1076912", "GSM1076913", "GSM1076914", "GSM1076915", "GSM1076916", "GSM1076917", "GSM1076918", "GSM1076919", "GSM1076920", "GSM1076921", "GSM1076922", "GSM1076923", "GSM1076924", "GSM1076925", "GSM1076926", "GSM1076927", "GSM1076928", "GSM1076929", "GSM1076930", "GSM1076931", "GSM1076932", "GSM1076933", "GSM1076934", "GSM1076935", "GSM1076936", "GSM1076937", "GSM1076938", "GSM1076939", "GSM1076940", "GSM1076941", "GSM1076942", "GSM1076943", "GSM1076944", "GSM1076945", "GSM1076946", "GSM1076947", "GSM1076948", "GSM1076949", "GSM1076950", "GSM1076951"], "sample_count": 226, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "570;96;571", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Intergrated analysis of array-miRNAs and matched Affymetrix gene", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:46:34Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE44021 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE44021 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "contingency_analysis", "specific": "chi_square", "label": "Categorical (contingency table) analysis", "dsl_operations": ["chi_square_test"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["categorical_cross_tabulation"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "The differences in expression levels of autoantibodies between ESCC patients and normal controls were compared by using the nonparametric test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic ability of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody. Meanwhile, Youden’s index, likelihood ratio, and predictive value were calculated to evaluate the ability of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody to differentiate ESCC patients from normal controls. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of different clinical subgroups were analyzed by DeLong test. The frequency of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody in clinical subgroups was analyzed by chi-square test."}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": "diagnostic_evaluation", "specific": "roc", "label": "Diagnostic test evaluation", "dsl_operations": ["confusion_counts", "roc_curve", "sensitivity_specificity", "solve_confusion_matrix", "classification_metrics", "published_precision_envelope"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["reference_standard_and_test"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "ROC curve"}}], "targets": [], "gaps": ["method.reader_differs_from_extractor"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["chi_square_test"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: chi_square."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE44021"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE44021"], "statements": ["The analyzed data sets generated during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request for noncommercial use."], "basis": "The paper names GSE44021 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["chi_square_test"], "assets": ["source:pmid:36295640", "data:geo:GSE44021"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE44021"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T18:12:59Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 10889, "completion_tokens": 1515, "cached_tokens": 256}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:36295640", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:36295640"}, {"id": "source:pmid:36295640", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 36295640 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE44021", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE44021"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:36295640", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:36295640"}, {"id": "source:pmid:36295640", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 36295640 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE44021", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE44021"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-36295640", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:36295640"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE44021", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE44021"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:36295640", "parent_hash": "sha256:1c26f303be79051c3f3ab410910e9d60c1e81680a3050594aabc3af93e5bd878", "fork_of": null, "generation": 3}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE44021 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE44021 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_differs_from_extractor", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "elisa", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["cted by enzyme-linked im muno sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: CXCL8 was identified as the key g", "n ESCC tissues compared with normal tissues. ELISA results showed that the level of anti-CXCL8"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:721", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "contingency_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["chi_square_test"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["The differences in expression levels of autoantibodies between ESCC patients and normal controls were compared by using the nonparametric test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic ability of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody. Meanwhile, Youden’s index, likelihood ratio, and predictive value were calculated to evaluate the ability of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody to differentiate ESCC patients from normal controls. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of different clinical subgroups were analyzed by DeLong test. The frequency of anti-CXCL8 autoantibody in clinical subgroups was analyzed by chi-square test."], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:2"}]}