DLX2 Is a Potential Immune-Related Prognostic Indicator Associated with Remodeling of Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Integrated Bioinformatical Analysis.

{"sci_version": "1.0", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:36317140", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 2, "content_hash": "sha256:1049dde7a12bec83a0b8a9b20ce239636cbff588f6ab389c6ef637c6c2b9423b", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:15:45Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T19:00:44Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "DLX2 Is a Potential Immune-Related Prognostic Indicator Associated with Remodeling of Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Integrated Bioinformatical Analysis.", "doi": "10.1155/2022/6512300", "pmid": "36317140", "authors": ["Liling Huang", "Tongji Xie", "Fuqiang Zhao", "Yu Feng", "Haohua Zhu", "Le Tang", "Xiaohong Han", "Yuankai Shi"], "journal": "Disease markers", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Background: It is still an unmet clinical need to identify potent biomarkers for immunotherapy on patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC).\nMethods: In this study, we explored the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were simultaneously correlated with four pathways (i.e. CD8+ αβT cell proliferation/differentiation/activation pathways and ferroptosis pathway) and possibly related to the remodeling of tumor microenvironment via the TCGA-LUSC dataset. Besides, four GEO datasets (GSE157009, GSE157010, GSE19188, and GSE126045) and IMvigor210 dataset were utilized for confirmation and validation.\nResults: The co-downregulated DEG DLX2 was selected for further analysis. Function enrichment analysis revealed that low-expression of DLX2 was closely related to various immune-related pathways like T/B/NK cell mediated immunity, interferon gamma/alpha response, and various autoimmune disease. DLX2-downregulated group was enriched in more immune-activating cells and lower tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score. Via the Cancer Immunome Atlas (TCIA) database, lower expression of DLX2 was also found to be associated with better IPS score of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (p < 0.001) as well as CTLA-4 combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients in DLX2-low group were found to have significant longer median OS than those in DLX2-high group in IMvigor210 dataset (10.8 vs 7.4 months; hazard ratio [HR]=0.74, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.57-0.96; p = 0.024).\nConclusions: Our study on an integrated bioinformatical analysis implied that DLX2 could be served as a promising indicator for remodeling tumor microenvironment status and predicting ICI response of patients with LUSC.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets in this study were downloaded from the TCGA database (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov), GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo), and IMvigor210CoreBiologies R package.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36317140", "locator": "sections[22] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The datasets in this study were downloaded from the TCGA database (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov), GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo), and IMvigor210CoreBiologies R package."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Based on clinical data of 348 patients receiving atezolizumab in IMvigor210 dataset, patients in DLX2-low group have significant longer OS than those in DLX2-high group (median OS: 10.8 vs 7.4 months; hazard ratio [HR]=0.74, 95%CI 0.57-0.96; p = 0.024) (Figure 6(e)).", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 95.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "Based on clinical data of 348 patients receiving atezolizumab in IMvigor210 dataset, patients in DLX2-low group have significant longer OS than those in DLX2-high group (median OS: 10.8 vs 7.4 months; hazard ratio [HR]=0.74, 95%CI 0.57-0.96; p = 0.024) (Figure 6(e))."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36317140", "locator": "sections[18] \"3.6. DLX2 as a Promising Prognostic Predictor for ICI treatment\" paragraph 4", "quote": "Based on clinical data of 348 patients receiving atezolizumab in IMvigor210 dataset, patients in DLX2-low group have significant longer OS than those in DLX2-high group (median OS: 10.8 vs 7.4 months; hazard ratio [HR]=0.74, 95%CI 0.57-0.96; p = 0.024) (Figure 6(e))."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Based on clinical data of 348 patients receiving atezolizumab in IMvigor210 dataset, patients in DLX2-low group have significant longer OS than those in DLX2-high group (median OS: 10.8 vs 7.4 months; hazard ratio [HR]=0.74, 95%CI 0.57-0.96; p = 0.024) (Figure 6(e)).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:36317140"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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