CHRNB2 represses pancreatic cancer migration and invasion via inhibiting β-catenin pathway.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:36344976", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:1a9f5e60dc88407d67ed56855e929f8d90ab4420d1ea56701705a91774f34811", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:15:47Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:29:25Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "CHRNB2 represses pancreatic cancer migration and invasion via inhibiting β-catenin pathway.", "doi": "10.1186/s12935-022-02768-8", "pmid": "36344976", "authors": ["Cheng Qin", "Tianhao Li", "Yuanyang Wang", "Bangbo Zhao", "Zeru Li", "Tianyu Li", "Xiaoying Yang", "Yutong Zhao", "Weibin Wang"], "journal": "Cancer cell international", "year": 2022, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal disease with highly fatal and aggressive properties. Lymph node ratio (LNR), the ratio of the number of metastatic lymph nodes to the total number of examined lymph nodes, is an important index to assess lymphatic metastasis and predict prognosis, but the molecular mechanism underlying high LNR was unclear.\nMETHODS: Gene expression and clinical information data of pancreatic cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Patients in TCGA were averagely divided into low and high LNR groups. Then, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to build co-expression network to explore LNR-related modules and hub genes. GO and KEGG analysis was performed to find key pathways related to lymph node metastasis. Next, GSE101448 and the overall survival data in TCGA was employed to further select significant genes from hub genes. Considering the key role of CHRNB2 in LNR and survival, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to find pathways related to CHRNB2 expression in pancreatic cancer. The contribution of CHRNB2 to migrative and invasive ability of pancreatic cancer cells was confirmed by Transwell assays. We finally explored the role of CHRNB2 in EMT and β-catenin pathway via Western Blot.\nRESULTS: High LNR was significantly related to high T stages and poor prognosis. In WGCNA, 14 hub genes (COL5A1, FN1, THBS2, etc.) were positively related to high LNR, 104 hub genes (FFAR1, SCG5, TMEM63C, etc.) were negatively related to high LNR. After taking the intersection with GSE101448, 13 genes (CDK5R2, SYT7, CACNA2D2, etc.) which might prevent lymph node metastasis were further selected. Among them, CHRNB2 showed the strongest relationship with long survival. Moreover, CHRNB2 also negatively related to the T stages and LNR. Next, knockdown of CHRNB2 expression could acetylcholine (ACh)-independently increase the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, while CHRNB2 overexpression ACh-independently decrease the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. For exploring the underlying mechanism, CHRNB2 downregulated β-catenin pathway might through controlling its upstream regulators such as SOX6, SRY, SOX17, and TCF7L2.\nCONCLUSIONS: CHRNB2 negatively relates to lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer patients. CHRNB2 could inhibit β-catenin pathway, EMT, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via ACh-independent mechanism.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Gene expression data of 174 pancreatic cancer cases with explicit LNR information were collected to build weight co-expression network by R package “WGCNA”.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36344976", "locator": "sections[15] \"WGCNA Based on LNR and identification of key modules\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Gene expression data of 174 pancreatic cancer cases with explicit LNR information were collected to build weight co-expression network by R package “WGCNA”."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Not applicable.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36344976", "locator": "sections[25] \"Acknowledgements\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Not applicable."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "CHRNB2 negatively relates to lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer patients and inhibits the β-catenin pathway, EMT, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through an acetylcholine-independent mechanism.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36344976", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "CHRNB2 negatively relates to lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer patients. CHRNB2 could inhibit β-catenin pathway, EMT, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via ACh-independent mechanism."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "CHRNB2 negatively relates to lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer patients and inhibits the β-catenin pathway, EMT, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through an acetylcholine-independent mechanism.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:36344976"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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RESULTS: High LNR was significantly related"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1368", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "transfection", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.85, "evidence": ["ively related to the T stages and LNR. Next, knockdown of CHRNB2 expression could acetylcholine (AC"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1926", "id": "assay:2"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "cell_culture", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["can Type Culture Collection (Virginia, USA). Cell lines were cultured in RPMI1640 or DMEM (Gibco, USA) with 10% of", "Collection (Virginia, USA). Cell lines were cultured in RPMI1640 or DMEM (Gibco, USA) with 10% of fe"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:2733", "id": "assay:3"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "flow_cytometry", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["*: P < 0.001). Additional file 2: Figure S2. Flow cytometry showed that CHRNB2 arrested pancreatic cance"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:6602", "id": "assay:4"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "network_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["pathway_enrich"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 0.8, "evidence": ["GO enrichment"], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:5"}]}