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pmid:36352274

Molecular characterization of early breast cancer onset to understand disease phenotypes in African patients.

Pamela Derliche Tonouo · Esther Dina Bell · Arnol Auvaker Tiofack Zebaze · Eliane Ndounga · Sidonie Noa Ananga · Etienne Atenguena · Gustave Simo · Abdel Jelil Njouendou · Smiths S Lueong

Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2022 doi:10.1007/s12032-022-01877-8

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Experiment

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Data

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pmid:36352274
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2026-11-01T18:15:47Z
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title
Molecular characterization of early breast cancer onset to understand disease phenotypes in African patients.
doi
10.1007/s12032-022-01877-8
pmid
36352274
authors array · 9 items
[0]
Pamela Derliche Tonouo
[1]
Esther Dina Bell
[2]
Arnol Auvaker Tiofack Zebaze
[3]
Eliane Ndounga
[4]
Sidonie Noa Ananga
[5]
Etienne Atenguena
[6]
Gustave Simo
[7]
Abdel Jelil Njouendou
[8]
Smiths S Lueong
journal
Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)
year
2022
abstract
Female breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with higher mortality rates and early onset in developing countries. The molecular basis of early disease onset is still elusive. We recruited 472 female breast cancer from two sub-Saharan African countries (Cameroon and Congo) between 2007 and 2018 and collected clinical data from these patients. To investigate the molecular drivers of early disease onset, we analyzed publicly available breast cancer molecular data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and the gene expression omnibus (GEO) for copy number alteration, mutation and gene expression. Early BC onset (EOBRCA) (diagnosis before 45 years) was higher in African women compared with the TCGA cohort (51.7% vs 15.6%). The tumor grade, mitotic index, HER2 + phenotype, basal-like phenotype and ki67 were higher in EOBRCA for all cohorts. BC risk factors such as parity, breastfeeding early onset of menarche and use of hormonal contraceptives were significantly associated with EOBRCA (p < 0.05). EOBRCA was equally associated with copy number alterations in several oncogenes including CDH6 and FOXM1 and tumor suppressor including TGM3 and DMBT1 as well as higher TP53 mutation rates (OR: 2.93, p < 0.01). There was a significant enrichment of TGFß signaling in EOBRCA with TGM3 deletions, which was associated with high expression of all SMAD transcription factors as well as WNT ligands. The Frizzled receptors FZD1, FZD4 and FZD6 were significantly upregulated in EOBRCA, suggesting activation of non-canonical WNT signaling. Our data, suggest the implication of TGM3 deletion in early breast cancer onset. Further molecular investigations are warranted in African patients.
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Genes with consistency in CNA pattern and gene expression profiles were used in a multivariate cox proportional hazards model to find associations with patient survival.
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Genes with consistency in CNA pattern and gene expression profiles were used in a multivariate cox proportional hazards model to find associations with patient survival.
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Copy number variation data was equally downloaded from the TCGA for the breast cancer project (TCGA-BRCA).
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EOBRCA was equally associated with copy number alterations in several oncogenes including CDH6 and FOXM1 and tumor suppressor including TGM3 and DMBT1 as well as higher TP53 mutation rates (OR: 2.93, p < 0.01).
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EOBRCA was equally associated with copy number alterations in several oncogenes including CDH6 and FOXM1 and tumor suppressor including TGM3 and DMBT1 as well as higher TP53 mutation rates (OR: 2.93, p < 0.01).
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EOBRCA was equally associated with copy number alterations in several oncogenes including CDH6 and FOXM1 and tumor suppressor including TGM3 and DMBT1 as well as higher TP53 mutation rates (OR: 2.93, p < 0.01).
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EOBRCA was equally associated with copy number alterations in several oncogenes including CDH6 and FOXM1 and tumor suppressor including TGM3 and DMBT1 as well as higher TP53 mutation rates (OR: 2.93, p < 0.01).
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[489]
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[490]
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[492]
GSM79606
[493]
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[494]
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[495]
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[496]
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[497]
GSM79611
[498]
GSM79612
[499]
GSM79613
[500]
GSM79614
[501]
GSM79615
sample_count
502
group_sizes
null
group_sizes_basis
null
platform
97;96
taxon
Homo sapiens
title
An expression signature for p53 in breast cancer predicts mutation status, transcriptional effects, and patient survival
resolution_checked_at
2026-11-01T15:39:54Z
resolution_check
identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read
downloaded
false
licence_read
false
gaps array · 2 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE3494 not downloaded
[1]
asset:data:geo:GSE3494 licence not read
analysis object · 4 fields
state
complete
methods array · 1 item
[0] object · 10 fields
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method-1
family
survival_analysis
specific
cox_proportional_hazards
label
Survival analysis
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
missing_operations array · 0 items
parameters object · 0 fields
data_shapes array · 1 item
[0]
time_to_event_with_censoring
evidence object · 3 fields
score
1
band
verbatim
quote
Genes with consistency in CNA pattern and gene expression profiles were used in a multivariate cox proportional hazards model to find associations with patient survival.
targets array · 1 item
[0] object · 8 fields
id
target-published-estimate
claim_id
claim-target-result
operation
cox_ph
unit
p-value
tolerance
null
state
complete
note
The threshold the paper applied to its own result, as the paper states it. A run that reproduces the effect is judged against this threshold.
gaps array · 0 items
capability object · 3 fields
state
complete
requirements array · 1 item
[0] object · 6 fields
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
label
Computational analysis platform
assay_families array · 9 items
[0]
meta_analysis
[1]
machine_learning
[2]
survival_analysis
[3]
statistical_regression
[4]
pca
[5]
molecular_docking
[6]
network_analysis
[7]
differential_expression
[8]
gwas
candidate
Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters
gaps array · 0 items
readiness object · 8 fields
state
complete
tier
R1
blocked_on
nothing:replicable_now
axes object · 3 fields
method object · 5 fields
tier
R1
expressible
true
required_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
missing_operations array · 0 items
basis
The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: cox_proportional_hazards.
capability object · 4 fields
tier
R1
capability_id
capability:computational_analysis
availability_state
owned
basis
The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here.
data object · 6 fields
tier
R1
reachable
true
accessions array · 1 item
[0]
GSE3494
resolved_accessions array · 1 item
[0]
GSE3494
statements array · 1 item
[0]
Copy number variation data was equally downloaded from the TCGA for the breast cancer project (TCGA-BRCA).
basis
The paper names GSE3494 in gene expression omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read.
can_run object · 3 fields
dsl_operations array · 1 item
[0]
cox_ph
assets array · 2 items
[0]
source:pmid:36352274
[1]
data:geo:GSE3494
steps array · 1 item
[0]
run_analysis
must_build object · 5 fields
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data_gaps array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:GSE3494
gaps array · 0 items
review object · 5 fields
state
partial
machine_critique object · 5 fields
kind
extraction_review
reader object · 5 fields
model
MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
provider
minimax
provider_family
minimax
read_at
2026-11-01T18:15:01Z
independence
single_reader
evidence_check object · 2 fields
method
verbatim
availability
null
calls
5
usage object · 3 fields
prompt_tokens
10136
completion_tokens
2013
cached_tokens
264
stages array · 1 item
[0] object · 4 fields
id
extraction
state
complete
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MiniMax-M3.1-Flash
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minimax
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review.independent_reader
[1]
review.machine_critique
[2]
review.human_critique
execution object · 5 fields
state
absent
status
not_run
mode
null
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gaps array · 1 item
[0]
execution.not_run
provenance object · 7 fields
entities array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:36352274
type
paper
label
pmid:36352274
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:36352274
type
manuscript
label
PMID 36352274 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:GSE3494
type
dataset
label
GEO GSE3494
activities array · 3 items
[0] object · 4 fields
id
activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01
type
classification
used array · 3 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
pmid:36352274
type
paper
label
pmid:36352274
[1] object · 3 fields
id
source:pmid:36352274
type
manuscript
label
PMID 36352274 full text
[2] object · 3 fields
id
data:geo:GSE3494
type
dataset
label
GEO GSE3494
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
[1] object · 4 fields
id
activity-read-36352274
type
extraction
used array · 1 item
[0]
source:pmid:36352274
agent
agent:minimax-reader
[2] object · 4 fields
id
activity-resolve-GSE3494
type
accession_resolution
used array · 1 item
[0]
data:geo:GSE3494
agent
agent:corpus-assay-engine
agents array · 2 items
[0] object · 3 fields
id
agent:corpus-assay-engine
type
software
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Corpus assay engine
[1] object · 3 fields
id
agent:minimax-reader
type
software
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MiniMax literature reader
source_run_id
reading-sci-2026-11-01
dsl_catalogue_fingerprint
343fb30756ba6ec3
capability_table_fingerprint
2cb3e42f047d2ecf
snapshot_id
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lineage object · 4 fields
parent_id
pmid:36352274
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sha256:87370b73d5e959d8e7adbd79e2996aa3a5101ee2ca8d7c23c12943018e370cb9
fork_of
null
gaps array · 6 items
[0]
asset:data:geo:GSE3494 licence not read
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asset:data:geo:GSE3494 not downloaded
[2]
execution.not_run
[3]
review.human_critique
[4]
review.independent_reader
[5]
review.machine_critique
assays array · 2 items
[0] object · 11 fields
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data_generation
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99e1195c7d6f
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support_state
partial
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assay_lexicon
99e1195c7d6f
confidence
0.85
evidence array · 1 item
[0]
, HER2 + phenotype, basal-like phenotype and ki67 were higher in EOBRCA for all cohorts. BC ri
order_basis
paper_text_order:902
id
assay:1
[1] object · 11 fields
role
analysis
definition_id
survival_analysis
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f2132e96ae6c7a4e
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cox_ph
support_state
supported
source_hashes object · 1 field
dsl_catalogue
f2132e96ae6c7a4e
evidence array · 1 item
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Genes with consistency in CNA pattern and gene expression profiles were used in a multivariate cox proportional hazards model to find associations with patient survival.
order_basis
consumes_earlier_output
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Complete file
{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:36352274", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:3d579537ed94dc0d6870958dab20f45414ad5fbbb6cb93e0bfc9482ff8946357", "created_at": "2026-11-01T18:15:47Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:29:25Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Molecular characterization of early breast cancer onset to understand disease phenotypes in African patients.", "doi": "10.1007/s12032-022-01877-8", "pmid": "36352274", "authors": ["Pamela Derliche Tonouo", "Esther Dina Bell", "Arnol Auvaker Tiofack Zebaze", "Eliane Ndounga", "Sidonie Noa Ananga", "Etienne Atenguena", "Gustave Simo", "Abdel Jelil Njouendou", "Smiths S Lueong"], "journal": "Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Female breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with higher mortality rates and early onset in developing countries. The molecular basis of early disease onset is still elusive. We recruited 472 female breast cancer from two sub-Saharan African countries (Cameroon and Congo) between 2007 and 2018 and collected clinical data from these patients. To investigate the molecular drivers of early disease onset, we analyzed publicly available breast cancer molecular data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and the gene expression omnibus (GEO) for copy number alteration, mutation and gene expression. Early BC onset (EOBRCA) (diagnosis before 45 years) was higher in African women compared with the TCGA cohort (51.7% vs 15.6%). The tumor grade, mitotic index, HER2 + phenotype, basal-like phenotype and ki67 were higher in EOBRCA for all cohorts. BC risk factors such as parity, breastfeeding early onset of menarche and use of hormonal contraceptives were significantly associated with EOBRCA (p < 0.05). EOBRCA was equally associated with copy number alterations in several oncogenes including CDH6 and FOXM1 and tumor suppressor including TGM3 and DMBT1 as well as higher TP53 mutation rates (OR: 2.93, p < 0.01). There was a significant enrichment of TGFß signaling in EOBRCA with TGM3 deletions, which was associated with high expression of all SMAD transcription factors as well as WNT ligands. The Frizzled receptors FZD1, FZD4 and FZD6 were significantly upregulated in EOBRCA, suggesting activation of non-canonical WNT signaling. Our data, suggest the implication of TGM3 deletion in early breast cancer onset. Further molecular investigations are warranted in African patients.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Genes with consistency in CNA pattern and gene expression profiles were used in a multivariate cox proportional hazards model to find associations with patient survival.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36352274", "locator": "sections[5] \"Statistical analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Genes with consistency in CNA pattern and gene expression profiles were used in a multivariate cox proportional hazards model to find associations with patient survival."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Copy number variation data was equally downloaded from the TCGA for the breast cancer project (TCGA-BRCA).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36352274", "locator": "sections[4] \"Database mining and in silico analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Copy number variation data was equally downloaded from the TCGA for the breast cancer project (TCGA-BRCA)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "EOBRCA was equally associated with copy number alterations in several oncogenes including CDH6 and FOXM1 and tumor suppressor including TGM3 and DMBT1 as well as higher TP53 mutation rates (OR: 2.93, p < 0.01).", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 0.01, "unit": "p-value", "tolerance": null, "source": "EOBRCA was equally associated with copy number alterations in several oncogenes including CDH6 and FOXM1 and tumor suppressor including TGM3 and DMBT1 as well as higher TP53 mutation rates (OR: 2.93, p < 0.01)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36352274", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "EOBRCA was equally associated with copy number alterations in several oncogenes including CDH6 and FOXM1 and tumor suppressor including TGM3 and DMBT1 as well as higher TP53 mutation rates (OR: 2.93, p < 0.01)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "EOBRCA was equally associated with copy number alterations in several oncogenes including CDH6 and FOXM1 and tumor suppressor including TGM3 and DMBT1 as well as higher TP53 mutation rates (OR: 2.93, p < 0.01).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:36352274"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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