Models for Predicting Response to Immunotherapy and Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer: DNA Damage Response Genes.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:36578802", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 2, "content_hash": "sha256:e4c56e9f1bfdc4bd7a016d15d8ab7bbe6854599a37b6ca5f434dbb03966e362f", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:01:08Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:29:48Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Models for Predicting Response to Immunotherapy and Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer: DNA Damage Response Genes.", "doi": "10.1155/2022/4909544", "pmid": "36578802", "authors": ["Rui Dong", "Shuran Chen", "Fei Lu", "Ni Zheng", "Guisen Peng", "Yan Li", "Pan Yang", "Hexin Wen", "Quanwei Qiu", "Yitong Wang", "Huazhang Wu", "Mulin Liu"], "journal": "BioMed research international", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Objective: DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex system that maintains genetic integrity and the stable replication and transmission of genetic material. m6A modifies DDR-related gene expression and affects the balance of DNA damage response in tumor cells. In this study, a risk model based on m6A-modified DDR-related gene was established to evaluate its role in patients with gastric cancer.\nMethods: We downloaded 639 DNA damage response genes from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) database and constructed risk score models using typed differential genes. We used Kaplan-Meier curves and risk curves to verify the clinical relevance of the model, which was then validated with the univariate and multifactorial Cox analysis, ROC, C-index, and nomogram, and finally this model was used to evaluate the correlation of the risk score model with immune microenvironment, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and immune checkpoints.\nResults: In this study, 337 samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used as training set to construct a DDR-related gene model, and GSE84437 was used as external data set for verification. We found that the prognosis and immunotherapy effect of gastric cancer patients in the low-risk group were significantly better than those in the high-risk group.\nConclusion: We screened eight DDR-related genes (ZBTB7A, POLQ, CHEK1, NPDC1, RAMP1, AXIN2, SFRP2, and APOD) to establish a risk model, which can predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and guide the clinical implementation of immunotherapy.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Lasso regression analysis and the multivariate Cox analysis were performed on the above 20 prognosis-related typing difference genes, and 8 best candidate genes, including 3 potential risk genes and 5 potential protective genes, were screened for risk model construction.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36578802", "locator": "sections[14] \"3.3. The DDR-Related Gene Risk Model\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Lasso regression analysis and the multivariate Cox analysis were performed on the above 20 prognosis-related typing difference genes, and 8 best candidate genes, including 3 potential risk genes and 5 potential protective genes, were screened for risk model construction."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data that support the finding of this study are openly available in https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36578802", "locator": "sections[23] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data that support the finding of this study are openly available in https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "We screened eight DDR-related genes (ZBTB7A, POLQ, CHEK1, NPDC1, RAMP1, AXIN2, SFRP2, and APOD) to establish a risk model, which can predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and guide the clinical implementation of immunotherapy.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36578802", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "We screened eight DDR-related genes (ZBTB7A, POLQ, CHEK1, NPDC1, RAMP1, AXIN2, SFRP2, and APOD) to establish a risk model, which can predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and guide the clinical implementation of immunotherapy."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "We screened eight DDR-related genes (ZBTB7A, POLQ, CHEK1, NPDC1, RAMP1, AXIN2, SFRP2, and APOD) to establish a risk model, which can predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and guide the clinical implementation of immunotherapy.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:36578802"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE84437"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE84437"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:36578802", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4909544", "sha256": "sha256:3bc6f1d2aa2b8dd5b1805252a4d3861ac9ecd62e192610b5c5ae180b7c8d4c87", "bytes": 55521, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1155/2022/4909544", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC9792237", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE84437", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE84437", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE84437", "version": null, "note": "The data that support the finding of this study are openly available in https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The data that support the finding of this study are openly available in https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM2235556", "GSM2235557", "GSM2235558", "GSM2235559", "GSM2235560", "GSM2235561", "GSM2235562", "GSM2235563", "GSM2235564", "GSM2235565", "GSM2235566", "GSM2235567", "GSM2235568", "GSM2235569", "GSM2235570", "GSM2235571", "GSM2235572", "GSM2235573", "GSM2235574", "GSM2235575", "GSM2235576", "GSM2235577", "GSM2235578", "GSM2235579", "GSM2235580", "GSM2235582", "GSM2235584", "GSM2235585", "GSM2235586", "GSM2235587", "GSM2235588", "GSM2235589", "GSM2235593", "GSM2235595", "GSM2235596", "GSM2235597", "GSM2235598", "GSM2235599", "GSM2235600", "GSM2235601", "GSM2235602", "GSM2235603", "GSM2235604", "GSM2235605", "GSM2235606", "GSM2235607", "GSM2235608", "GSM2235609", "GSM2235610", "GSM2235611", "GSM2235612", "GSM2235613", "GSM2235614", "GSM2235615", "GSM2235616", "GSM2235617", "GSM2235618", "GSM2235619", "GSM2235620", "GSM2235621", "GSM2235622", "GSM2235623", "GSM2235624", "GSM2235625", "GSM2235626", "GSM2235627", "GSM2235628", "GSM2235629", "GSM2235630", "GSM2235631", "GSM2235632", "GSM2235633", "GSM2235634", "GSM2235635", "GSM2235636", "GSM2235637", "GSM2235695", "GSM2235696", "GSM2235697", "GSM2235698", "GSM2235699", "GSM2235700", "GSM2235701", "GSM2235702", "GSM2235703", "GSM2235704", "GSM2235705", "GSM2235706", "GSM2235707", "GSM2235708", "GSM2235709", "GSM2235710", "GSM2235711", "GSM2235712", "GSM2235713", "GSM2235714", "GSM2235715", "GSM2235716", "GSM2235717", "GSM2235718", "GSM2235719", "GSM2235720", "GSM2235721", "GSM2235722", "GSM2235723", "GSM2235724", "GSM2235725", "GSM2235726", "GSM2235727", "GSM2235728", "GSM2235729", "GSM2235730", "GSM2235731", "GSM2235732", "GSM2235733", "GSM2235734", "GSM2235735", "GSM2235736", "GSM2235737", "GSM2235738", "GSM2235739", "GSM2235740", "GSM2235741", "GSM2235742", "GSM2235743", "GSM2235744", "GSM2235745", "GSM2235746", "GSM2235747", "GSM2235748", "GSM2235749", "GSM2235750", "GSM2235751", "GSM2235752", "GSM2235753", "GSM2235754", "GSM2235755", "GSM2235756", "GSM2235757", "GSM2235758", "GSM2235759", "GSM2235760", "GSM2235761", "GSM2235762", "GSM2235763", "GSM2235764", "GSM2235765", "GSM2235766", "GSM2235767", "GSM2235768", "GSM2235769", "GSM2235770", "GSM2235771", "GSM2235772", "GSM2235773", "GSM2235774", "GSM2235775", "GSM2235776", "GSM2235777", "GSM2235778", "GSM2235779", "GSM2235780", "GSM2235781", "GSM2235782", "GSM2235783", "GSM2235784", "GSM2235785", "GSM2235786", "GSM2235787", "GSM2235788", "GSM2235789", "GSM2235790", "GSM2235791", "GSM2235792", "GSM2235793", "GSM2235794", "GSM2235795", "GSM2235796", "GSM2235797", "GSM2235798", "GSM2235799", "GSM2235800", "GSM2235801", "GSM2235802", "GSM2235803", "GSM2235804", "GSM2235805", "GSM2235806", "GSM2235807", "GSM2235808", "GSM2235809", "GSM2235810", "GSM2235811", "GSM2235812", "GSM2235813", "GSM2235814", "GSM2235815", "GSM2235816", "GSM2235817", "GSM2235818", "GSM2235819", "GSM2235820", "GSM2235821", "GSM2235822", "GSM2235823", "GSM2235824", "GSM2235825", "GSM2235826", "GSM2235827", "GSM2235828", "GSM2235829", "GSM2235830", "GSM2235831", "GSM2235837", "GSM2235838", "GSM2235839", "GSM2235840", "GSM2235841", "GSM2235842", "GSM2235843", "GSM2235844", "GSM2235845", "GSM2235846", "GSM2235847", "GSM2235848", "GSM2235849", "GSM2235850", "GSM2235851", "GSM2235852", "GSM2235853", "GSM2235854", "GSM2235855", "GSM2235862", "GSM2235863", "GSM2235864", "GSM2235865", "GSM2235866", "GSM2235867", "GSM2235878", "GSM2235879", "GSM2235880", "GSM2235881", "GSM2235882", "GSM2235883", "GSM2235884", "GSM2235885", "GSM2235886", "GSM2235887", "GSM2235888", "GSM2235889", "GSM2235899", "GSM2235900", "GSM2235901", "GSM2235902", "GSM2235903", "GSM2235904", "GSM2235905", "GSM2235906", "GSM2235907", "GSM2235908", "GSM2235909", "GSM2235910", "GSM2235921", "GSM2235922", "GSM2235923", "GSM2235924", "GSM2235925", "GSM2235926", "GSM2235927", "GSM2235928", "GSM2235929", "GSM2235930", "GSM2235931", "GSM2235932", "GSM2235933", "GSM2235934", "GSM2235935", "GSM2235936", "GSM2235937", "GSM2235938", "GSM2235939", "GSM2235940", "GSM2235941", "GSM2235942", "GSM2235943", "GSM2235944", "GSM2235945", "GSM2235946", "GSM2235947", "GSM2235948", "GSM2235949", "GSM2235950", "GSM2235951", "GSM2235952", "GSM2235953", "GSM2235954", "GSM2235955", "GSM2235956", "GSM2235957", "GSM2235958", "GSM2235959", "GSM2235960", "GSM2235961", "GSM2235962", "GSM2235963", "GSM2235964", "GSM2235965", "GSM2235966", "GSM2235967", "GSM2235968", "GSM2235969", "GSM2235970", "GSM2235971", "GSM2235972", "GSM2235973", "GSM2235974", "GSM2235975", "GSM2235976", "GSM2235977", "GSM2235978", "GSM2235979", "GSM2235980", "GSM2235981", "GSM2235982", "GSM2235983", "GSM2235984", "GSM2235985", "GSM2235986", "GSM2235987", "GSM2235988", "GSM2235991", "GSM2235992", "GSM2235993", "GSM2235994", "GSM2235995", "GSM2235996", "GSM2235997", "GSM2235998", "GSM2235999", "GSM2236000", "GSM2236001", "GSM2236002", "GSM2236003", "GSM2236004", "GSM2236005", "GSM2236006", "GSM2236007", "GSM2236008", "GSM2236009", "GSM2236010", "GSM2236011", "GSM2236012", "GSM2236013", "GSM2236014", "GSM2236015", "GSM2236016", "GSM2236017", "GSM2236018", "GSM2236019", "GSM2236020", "GSM2236021", "GSM2236022", "GSM2236023", "GSM2236024", "GSM2236025", "GSM2236026", "GSM2236027", "GSM2236028", "GSM2236029", "GSM2236030", "GSM2236031", "GSM2236032", "GSM2236033", "GSM2236034", "GSM2236036", "GSM2236037", "GSM2236038", "GSM2236039", "GSM2236040", "GSM2236041", "GSM2236042", "GSM2236043", "GSM2236044", "GSM2236045", "GSM2236046", "GSM2236047", "GSM2236048", "GSM2236049", "GSM2236050", "GSM2236051", "GSM2236052", "GSM2236053", "GSM2236054", "GSM2236055", "GSM2236056", "GSM2236057", "GSM2236058", "GSM2236059", "GSM2236060", "GSM2236061", "GSM2236062", "GSM2236063", "GSM2236064", "GSM2236065", "GSM2236066", "GSM2236067", "GSM2236068", "GSM2236069", "GSM2236070", "GSM2236071", "GSM2236072", "GSM2236073", "GSM2236074", "GSM2236075", "GSM2236076", "GSM2236077", "GSM2236078", "GSM2236079", "GSM2236080", "GSM2236082", "GSM2236083", "GSM2236084", "GSM2236085", "GSM2236086", "GSM2236087", "GSM2236088", "GSM2236089", "GSM2236090", "GSM2236091", "GSM2236092", "GSM2236093", "GSM2236094", "GSM2236095", "GSM4419484", "GSM4419485", "GSM4419486", "GSM4419487", "GSM4419488", "GSM4419489", "GSM4419490", "GSM4419491", "GSM4419492", "GSM4419493", "GSM4419494", "GSM4419495", "GSM4419496", "GSM4419497", "GSM4419498", "GSM4419499", "GSM4419500", "GSM4419501", "GSM4419502", "GSM4419503", "GSM4419504", "GSM4419505", "GSM4419506", "GSM4419507", "GSM4419508", "GSM4419509", "GSM4419510", "GSM4419511", "GSM4419512", "GSM4419513", "GSM4419514", "GSM4419515", "GSM4419516", "GSM4419517", "GSM4419518", "GSM4419519", "GSM4419520", "GSM4419521", "GSM4419522", "GSM4419523", "GSM4419524", "GSM4419525", "GSM4419526", "GSM4419527", "GSM4419528", "GSM4419529", "GSM4419530", "GSM4419531", "GSM4419532", "GSM4419533"], "sample_count": 483, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "6947", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Molecular subtypes in gastric cancer.", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE84437 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE84437 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "survival_analysis", "specific": "kaplan_meier", "label": "Survival analysis", "dsl_operations": ["survival_km"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["time_to_event_with_censoring"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "Kaplan-Meier"}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": null, "specific": null, "label": "Lasso regression analysis and multivariate Cox analysis", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": null, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": [], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "Lasso regression analysis and the multivariate Cox analysis were performed on the above 20 prognosis-related typing difference genes, and 8 best candidate genes, including 3 potential risk genes and 5 potential protective genes, were screened for risk model construction."}}], "targets": [], "gaps": ["method.reader_named_unmapped"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["survival_km"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: kaplan_meier."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE84437"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE84437"], "statements": ["The data that support the finding of this study are openly available in https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/ and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/."], "basis": "The paper names GSE84437 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["survival_km"], "assets": ["source:pmid:36578802", "data:geo:GSE84437"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE84437"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T18:21:58Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 15545, "completion_tokens": 2400, "cached_tokens": 264}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:36578802", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:36578802"}, {"id": "source:pmid:36578802", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 36578802 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE84437", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE84437"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:36578802", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:36578802"}, {"id": "source:pmid:36578802", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 36578802 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE84437", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE84437"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-36578802", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:36578802"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE84437", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE84437"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:36578802", "parent_hash": "sha256:9666322810d7609d1c03a9b3f101fbefd91001c8c1f331e6a16f8b3cc194c218", "fork_of": null, "generation": 1}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE84437 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE84437 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_named_unmapped", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "survival_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["survival_km"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 0.7, "evidence": ["Kaplan-Meier"], "order_basis": "analysis_only", "id": "assay:1"}]}