Bioinformatics analysis combined with clinical sample screening reveals that leptin may be a biomarker of preeclampsia.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:36685185", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 2, "content_hash": "sha256:be8f295cc7b64cae8e1288587f385c03d8b91b6557101ba052fd010b9f5c651f", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:01:13Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:29:56Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Bioinformatics analysis combined with clinical sample screening reveals that leptin may be a biomarker of preeclampsia.", "doi": "10.3389/fphys.2022.1031950", "pmid": "36685185", "authors": ["Yajuan Wang", "Xuening Bai", "Xin Guo", "Xiaoli Gao", "Yuanyuan Chen", "Huanrong Li", "Wenjun Fan", "Cha Han"], "journal": "Frontiers in physiology", "year": 2022, "abstract": "Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a gestational hypertensive disease with unclear pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify the genes that play an important role in determining the pathogenesis of PE using bioinformatics analysis and fundamental researches. Materials and methods: Datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The NCBI, SangerBox, and other databases were used to analyze the functions of the DEGs. Targetscan7, miRWalk, ENCORI, DIANA TOOLS, CircBank databases, and the Cytoscape tool were used to construct the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA- LEP network. SRAMP, RPISeq, RBPsuite, and catRPAID were used to analyze the RNA modifications of LEP. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using the dataset GSE75010. Placental tissues from normal pregnant women and PE patients were collected, screened for gene expression using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The results were further verified in HTR-8/SVneo cell line hypoxia model and PE mouse model. Results: Our analyses revealed that LEP was significantly upregulated in eight datasets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses indicated that LEP was involved in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, angiogenesis, and placental development. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that M1 and M2 macrophages differed between normal pregnancies and those in PE patients. A competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed, and proteins interacting with LEP were identified. RNA modification sites of LEP were also identified. Finally, the overexpression of LEP in PE was confirmed in clinical samples, HTR-8/SVneo cell line and PE mouse model. Conclusion: Our results indicate that LEP overexpression is associated with PE and may be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "DEGs were selected based on p < 0.05.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36685185", "locator": "sections[4] \"2.2 Analysis of DEG\" paragraph 2", "quote": "DEGs were selected based on p < 0.05."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36685185", "locator": "sections[27] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "LEP was significantly upregulated in PE across all eight analyzed GEO datasets.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36685185", "locator": "sections[17] \"3.1 Identification of LEP overexpression in PE\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Together, these results show that LEP is significantly upregulated in PE."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "LEP was significantly upregulated in PE across all eight analyzed GEO datasets.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:36685185"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE10588"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE10588"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:36685185", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1031950", "sha256": "sha256:da83d456bc96d82dc56ed645a22bb02ebe42cd1659787b7c62eee7aa4ee2ab1b", "bytes": 49484, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.3389/fphys.2022.1031950", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC9846503", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE10588", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE10588", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE10588", "version": null, "note": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM225470", "GSM225471", "GSM225472", "GSM225473", "GSM225474", "GSM225475", "GSM225476", "GSM225477", "GSM225478", "GSM225479", "GSM225480", "GSM225481", "GSM225483", "GSM225484", "GSM225485", "GSM225486", "GSM225487", "GSM225488", "GSM225489", "GSM225490", "GSM225491", "GSM225492", "GSM225493", "GSM225494", "GSM225495", "GSM225496", "GSM225497", "GSM225498", "GSM225499", "GSM225500", "GSM225501", "GSM225502", "GSM225503", "GSM225504", "GSM225505", "GSM225506", "GSM225507", "GSM225508", "GSM225509", "GSM225510", "GSM225511", "GSM225512", "GSM225513"], "sample_count": 43, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "2986", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Placental gene expression in severe preeclampsia.", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:06:43Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE24129", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE24129", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE24129", "version": null, "note": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM594041", "GSM594042", "GSM594043", "GSM594044", "GSM594045", "GSM594046", "GSM594047", "GSM594048", "GSM594049", "GSM594050", "GSM594051", "GSM594052", "GSM594053", "GSM594054", "GSM594055", "GSM594056", "GSM594057", "GSM594058", "GSM594059", "GSM594060", "GSM594061", "GSM594062", "GSM594063", "GSM594064"], "sample_count": 24, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "6244", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene expression profiling for placentas from pre-eclamptic, unexplained FGR and normal pregnancies.", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:46:34Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE35574", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE35574", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE35574", "version": null, "note": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM871046", "GSM871047", "GSM871048", "GSM871049", "GSM871050", "GSM871051", "GSM871052", "GSM871053", "GSM871054", "GSM871055", "GSM871056", "GSM871057", "GSM871058", "GSM871059", "GSM871060", "GSM871061", "GSM871062", "GSM871063", "GSM871064", "GSM871065", "GSM871066", "GSM871067", "GSM871068", "GSM871069", "GSM871070", "GSM871071", "GSM871072", "GSM871073", "GSM871074", "GSM871075", "GSM871076", "GSM871077", "GSM871078", "GSM871079", "GSM871080", "GSM871081", "GSM871082", "GSM871083", "GSM871084", "GSM871085", "GSM871086", "GSM871087", "GSM871088", "GSM871089", "GSM871090", "GSM871091", "GSM871092", "GSM871093", "GSM871094", "GSM871095", "GSM871096", "GSM871097", "GSM871098", "GSM871099", "GSM871100", "GSM871101", "GSM871102", "GSM871103", "GSM871104", "GSM871105", "GSM871106", "GSM871107", "GSM871108", "GSM871109", "GSM871110", "GSM871111", "GSM871112", "GSM871113", "GSM871114", "GSM871115", "GSM871116", "GSM871117", "GSM871118", "GSM871119", "GSM871120", "GSM871121", "GSM871122", "GSM871123", "GSM871124", "GSM871125", "GSM871126", "GSM871127", "GSM871128", "GSM871129", "GSM871130", "GSM871131", "GSM871132", "GSM871133", "GSM871134", "GSM871135", "GSM871136", "GSM871137", "GSM871138", "GSM871139"], "sample_count": 94, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "6102", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Differentially expressed microRNAs revealed by molecular signatures of Preeclampsia and IUGR in human placenta", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:46:34Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE44711", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE44711", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE44711", "version": null, "note": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1089229", "GSM1089230", "GSM1089231", "GSM1089232", "GSM1089233", "GSM1089234", "GSM1089235", "GSM1089236", "GSM1089237", "GSM1089238", "GSM1089239", "GSM1089240", "GSM1089241", "GSM1089242", "GSM1089243", "GSM1089244"], "sample_count": 16, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "10558", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene expression in Early-Onset Preeclampsia Placentas and Controls", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:46:34Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE4707", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE4707", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE4707", "version": null, "note": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM106249", "GSM106250", "GSM106274", "GSM106275", "GSM106276", "GSM106277", "GSM106278", "GSM106279", "GSM106280", "GSM106281", "GSM106282", "GSM106283", "GSM106284", "GSM106285"], "sample_count": 14, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "1708", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Microarray Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Placental Tissue of Severe Preeclampsia", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:46:34Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE54618", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE54618", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE54618", "version": null, "note": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1319964", "GSM1319965", "GSM1319966", "GSM1319967", "GSM1319968", "GSM1319969", "GSM1319970", "GSM1319971", "GSM1319972", "GSM1319973", "GSM1319974", "GSM1319975", "GSM1319976", "GSM1319977", "GSM1319978", "GSM1319979", "GSM1319980", "GSM1319981", "GSM1319982", "GSM1319983", "GSM1319984", "GSM1319985", "GSM1319986", "GSM1319987"], "sample_count": 24, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "10558", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Microarray analysis of human pre-eclamptic placenta", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:46:34Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE66273", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE66273", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE66273", "version": null, "note": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1618441", "GSM1618442", "GSM1618443", "GSM1618444", "GSM1618445", "GSM1618446", "GSM1618447", "GSM1618448", "GSM1618449", "GSM1618450", "GSM1618451", "GSM1618452", "GSM1618453", "GSM1618454", "GSM1618455", "GSM1618456", "GSM1618457"], "sample_count": 17, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "4133", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Genome-wide analysis of placental gene expression in severe preterm preeclampsia", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:46:34Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE74341", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE74341", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE74341", "version": null, "note": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1917660", "GSM1917661", "GSM1917662", "GSM1917663", "GSM1917664", "GSM1917665", "GSM1917666", "GSM1917667", "GSM1917668", "GSM1917669", "GSM1917670", "GSM1917671", "GSM1917672", "GSM1917673", "GSM1917674", "GSM1917675", "GSM1917676", "GSM1917677", "GSM1917678", "GSM1917679", "GSM1917680", "GSM1917681", "GSM1917682", "GSM1917683", "GSM1917684"], "sample_count": 25, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "16699", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene expression profiling reveal different molecular pattern in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway between early- and late-onset preeclampsia", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:46:34Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE75010", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE75010", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE75010", "version": null, "note": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1940492", "GSM1940493", "GSM1940494", "GSM1940495", "GSM1940496", "GSM1940497", "GSM1940498", "GSM1940499", "GSM1940500", "GSM1940501", "GSM1940502", "GSM1940503", "GSM1940504", "GSM1940505", "GSM1940506", "GSM1940507", "GSM1940508", "GSM1940509", "GSM1940510", "GSM1940511", "GSM1940512", "GSM1940513", "GSM1940514", "GSM1940515", "GSM1940516", "GSM1940517", "GSM1940518", "GSM1940519", "GSM1940520", "GSM1940521", "GSM1940522", "GSM1940523", "GSM1940524", "GSM1940525", "GSM1940526", "GSM1940527", "GSM1940528", "GSM1940529", "GSM1940530", "GSM1940531", "GSM1940532", "GSM1940533", "GSM1940534", "GSM1940535", "GSM1940536", "GSM1940537", "GSM1940538", "GSM1940539", "GSM1940540", "GSM1940541", "GSM1940542", "GSM1940543", "GSM1940544", "GSM1940545", "GSM1940546", "GSM1940547", "GSM1940548", "GSM1940549", "GSM1940550", "GSM1940551", "GSM1940552", "GSM1940553", "GSM1940554", "GSM1940555", "GSM1940556", "GSM1940557", "GSM1940558", "GSM1940559", "GSM1940560", "GSM1940561", "GSM1940562", "GSM1940563", "GSM1940564", "GSM1940565", "GSM1940566", "GSM1940567", "GSM1940568", "GSM1940569", "GSM1940570", "GSM1940571", "GSM1940572", "GSM1940573", "GSM1940574", "GSM1940575", "GSM1940576", "GSM1940577", "GSM1940578", "GSM1940579", "GSM1940580", "GSM1940581", "GSM1940582", "GSM1940583", "GSM1940584", "GSM1940585", "GSM1940586", "GSM1940587", "GSM1940588", "GSM1940589", "GSM1940590", "GSM1940591", "GSM1940592", "GSM1940593", "GSM1940594", "GSM1940595", "GSM1940596", "GSM1940597", "GSM1940598", "GSM1940599", "GSM1940600", "GSM1940601", "GSM1940602", "GSM1940603", "GSM1940604", "GSM1940605", "GSM1940606", "GSM1940607", "GSM1940608", "GSM1940609", "GSM1940610", "GSM1940611", "GSM1940612", "GSM1940613", "GSM1940614", "GSM1940615", "GSM1940616", "GSM1940617", "GSM1940618", "GSM1940619", "GSM1940620", "GSM1940621", "GSM1940622", "GSM1940623", "GSM1940624", "GSM1940625", "GSM1940626", "GSM1940627", "GSM1940628", "GSM1940629", "GSM1940630", "GSM1940631", "GSM1940632", "GSM1940633", "GSM1940634", "GSM1940635", "GSM1940636", "GSM1940637", "GSM1940638", "GSM1940639", "GSM1940640", "GSM1940641", "GSM1940642", "GSM1940643", "GSM1940644", "GSM1940645", "GSM1940646", "GSM1940647", "GSM1940648"], "sample_count": 157, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "6244", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Placental gene expression profiling for the identification of clinically relevant subclasses of human preeclampsia", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:55Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE10588 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE10588 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE24129 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE24129 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE35574 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE35574 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE44711 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE44711 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE4707 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE4707 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE54618 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE54618 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE66273 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE66273 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE74341 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE74341 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE75010 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE75010 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": null, "specific": null, "label": "DEG selection using p < 0.05, with independent-sample t-tests for comparisons between two groups", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": null, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": [], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "DEGs were selected based on p < 0.05."}}], "targets": [], "gaps": ["method.reader_named_unmapped"]}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "blocked", "tier": "R4", "blocking_axis": "method", "blocked_on": "method:not_determinable", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R4", "expressible": false, "required_operations": [], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The reader quoted the method the paper names (DEG selection using p < 0.05, with independent-sample t-tests for comparisons between two groups), but the corpus's method extractor could not map it onto a DSL operation, so the method is published but not expressible."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE10588", "GSE74341", "GSE66273", "GSE54618", "GSE4707", "GSE44711", "GSE35574", "GSE24129", "GSE75010"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE10588", "GSE74341", "GSE66273", "GSE54618", "GSE4707", "GSE44711", "GSE35574", "GSE24129", "GSE75010"], "statements": ["The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material."], "basis": "The paper names GSE10588, GSE74341, GSE66273, GSE54618, GSE4707, GSE44711, GSE35574, GSE24129, GSE75010 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": [], "assets": ["source:pmid:36685185", "data:geo:GSE10588"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE10588"]}, "gaps": ["method:not_determinable"]}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T18:24:05Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 14547, "completion_tokens": 2633, "cached_tokens": 264}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:36685185", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:36685185"}, {"id": "source:pmid:36685185", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 36685185 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE10588", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE10588"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:36685185", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:36685185"}, {"id": "source:pmid:36685185", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 36685185 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE10588", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE10588"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-36685185", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:36685185"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE10588", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE10588"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:36685185", "parent_hash": "sha256:6b4d937d7e3892d1eb632366187fc9e49a335ee86d498d3d024cc62f8ec6a243", "fork_of": null, "generation": 1}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE10588 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE10588 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE24129 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE24129 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE35574 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE35574 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE44711 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE44711 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE4707 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE4707 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE54618 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE54618 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE66273 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE66273 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE74341 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE74341 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE75010 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE75010 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_named_unmapped", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "qpcr", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["tion quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The results were furt", "n quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The results were furt", "e expression of LEP in these specimens using RT-qPCR. Our results, shown in Figure 6A, reveal tha", "8/SVneo cell line, and a PE mouse model. (A) RT-qPCR analysis of LEP expression in PE placental t"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1044", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "western_blot", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["tive polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The results were further verified in HTR-8/", "hat LEP is upregulated at the protein level, western blotting was used to determine protein expression in", "e placentas of preeclamptic pregnant mice by western blot (Figure 6G). Validation of LEP/leptin expres", "nancy placental tissue samples (n = 21). (B) Western blot analysis of leptin expression in PE placenta"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1057", "id": "assay:2"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "animal_model", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["n HTR-8/SVneo cell line hypoxia model and PE mouse model. Results: Our analyses revealed that LEP was", "inical samples, HTR-8/SVneo cell line and PE mouse model. Conclusion: Our results indicate that LEP o", "n HTR-8/SVneo cell line hypoxia model and PE mouse model. Results: Our analyses revealed that L", "inical samples, HTR-8/SVneo cell line and PE mouse model. Conclusion: Our results indicate that"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:1155", "id": "assay:3"}]}