Tumor immune contexture predicts recurrence after prostatectomy and efficacy of androgen deprivation and immunotherapy in prostate cancer.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:36918939", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 2, "content_hash": "sha256:465ddc2c4c92a2ed644fed4996fb781de5f045f009f240b8b10fe928c7294e4c", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:01:33Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T21:30:22Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Tumor immune contexture predicts recurrence after prostatectomy and efficacy of androgen deprivation and immunotherapy in prostate cancer.", "doi": "10.1186/s12967-022-03827-4", "pmid": "36918939", "authors": ["Sujun Han", "Taoping Shi", "Yuchen Liao", "Dong Chen", "Feiya Yang", "Mingshuai Wang", "Jing Ma", "Hu Li", "Yu Xu", "Tengfei Zhu", "Wenxi Chen", "Guoqiang Wang", "Yusheng Han", "Chunwei Xu", "Wenxian Wang", "Shangli Cai", "Xu Zhang", "Nianzeng Xing"], "journal": "Journal of translational medicine", "year": 2023, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men with notable interpatient heterogeneity. Implications of the immune microenvironment in predicting the biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS) after radical prostatectomy and the efficacy of systemic therapies in prostate cancer remain ambiguous.\nMETHODS: The tumor immune contexture score (TICS) involving eight immune contexture-related signatures was developed using seven cohorts of 1120 patients treated with radical prostatectomy (training: GSE46602, GSE54460, GSE70769, and GSE94767; validation: GSE70768, DKFZ2018, and TCGA). The association between the TICS and treatment efficacy was investigated in GSE111177 (androgen deprivation therapy [ADT]) and EGAS00001004050 (ipilimumab).\nRESULTS: A high TICS was associated with prolonged BCRFS after radical prostatectomy in the training (HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.24-0.45, P < 0.001) and the validation cohorts (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.32-0.62, P < 0.001). The TICS showed stable prognostic power independent of tumor stage, surgical margin, pre-treatment prostatic specific antigen (PSA), and Gleason score (multivariable HR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.39-0.63, P < 0.001). Adding the TICS into the prognostic model constructed using clinicopathological features significantly improved its 1/2/3/4/5-year area under curve (P < 0.05). A low TICS was associated with high homologous recombination deficiency scores, abnormally activated pathways concerning DNA replication, cell cycle, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and drug metabolism, and fewer tumor-infiltrating immune cells (P < 0.05). The patients with a high TICS had favorable BCRFS with ADT (HR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.06-0.99, P = 0.034) or ipilimumab monotherapy (HR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.06-0.81, P = 0.012).\nCONCLUSIONS: Our study delineates the associations of tumor immune contexture with molecular features, recurrence after radical prostatectomy, and the efficacy of ADT and immunotherapy. The TICS may improve the existing risk stratification systems and serve as a patient-selection tool for ADT and immunotherapy in prostate cancer.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed using the “ezcox” R package.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36918939", "locator": "sections[6] \"Statistical analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed using the “ezcox” R package."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available in Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) at GSE46602, GSE54460, GSE70768, GSE70769, GSE94767, and GSE111177, and in TCGA at TCGA-PRAD. The data from DKFZ2018 that was analyzed in this study was obtained from cBioPortal at http://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=prostate_dkfz_2018. The data of mCRPC patients treated with ipilimumab were obtained from the additional data files of Subudhi et al.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36918939", "locator": "sections[22] \"notes\" paragraph 1", "quote": "The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available in Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) at GSE46602, GSE54460, GSE70768, GSE70769, GSE94767, and GSE111177, and in TCGA at TCGA-PRAD. The data from DKFZ2018 that was analyzed in this study was obtained from cBioPortal at http://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=prostate_dkfz_2018. The data of mCRPC patients treated with ipilimumab were obtained from the additional data files of Subudhi et al."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "A high TICS was associated with prolonged BCRFS after radical prostatectomy in the training (HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.24–0.45, P < 0.001) and the validation cohorts (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.32–0.62, P < 0.001).", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 95.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "A high TICS was associated with prolonged BCRFS after radical prostatectomy in the training (HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.24–0.45, P < 0.001) and the validation cohorts (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.32–0.62, P < 0.001)."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36918939", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "A high TICS was associated with prolonged BCRFS after radical prostatectomy in the training (HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.24–0.45, P < 0.001) and the validation cohorts (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.32–0.62, P < 0.001)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "A high TICS was associated with prolonged BCRFS after radical prostatectomy in the training (HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.24–0.45, P < 0.001) and the validation cohorts (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.32–0.62, P < 0.001).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:36918939"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE111177"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE111177"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:36918939", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-022-03827-4", "sha256": "sha256:04e6b8759c02b49690e224ab984c9dedcae687d52da15fdec0ee6e2e1ba18d92", "bytes": 39524, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1186/s12967-022-03827-4", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC10012744", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE111177", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE111177", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE111177", "version": null, "note": "The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available in Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) at GSE46602, GSE54460, GSE70768, GSE70769, GSE94767, and GSE111177, and in TCGA at TCGA-PRAD. The data from DKFZ2018 that was analyzed in this study was obtained from cBioPortal at http://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=prostate_dkfz_2018. The data of mCRPC patients treated with ipilimumab were obtained from the additional data files of Subudhi et al.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available in Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) at GSE46602, GSE54460, GSE70768, GSE70769, GSE94767, and GSE111177, and in TCGA at TCGA-PRAD. The data from DKFZ2018 that was analyzed in this study was obtained from cBioPortal at http://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=prostate_dkfz_2018. 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The data from DKFZ2018 that was analyzed in this study was obtained from cBioPortal at http://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=prostate_dkfz_2018. The data of mCRPC patients treated with ipilimumab were obtained from the additional data files of Subudhi et al.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available in Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) at GSE46602, GSE54460, GSE70768, GSE70769, GSE94767, and GSE111177, and in TCGA at TCGA-PRAD. The data from DKFZ2018 that was analyzed in this study was obtained from cBioPortal at http://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=prostate_dkfz_2018. 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The data from DKFZ2018 that was analyzed in this study was obtained from cBioPortal at http://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=prostate_dkfz_2018. The data of mCRPC patients treated with ipilimumab were obtained from the additional data files of Subudhi et al.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available in Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) at GSE46602, GSE54460, GSE70768, GSE70769, GSE94767, and GSE111177, and in TCGA at TCGA-PRAD. The data from DKFZ2018 that was analyzed in this study was obtained from cBioPortal at http://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=prostate_dkfz_2018. 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The data from DKFZ2018 that was analyzed in this study was obtained from cBioPortal at http://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=prostate_dkfz_2018. The data of mCRPC patients treated with ipilimumab were obtained from the additional data files of Subudhi et al.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available in Gene-Expression Omnibus (GEO) at GSE46602, GSE54460, GSE70768, GSE70769, GSE94767, and GSE111177, and in TCGA at TCGA-PRAD. The data from DKFZ2018 that was analyzed in this study was obtained from cBioPortal at http://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=prostate_dkfz_2018. 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