Characterization of butyrate-metabolism in colorectal cancer to guide clinical treatment.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:36991138", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 3, "content_hash": "sha256:4d9f83689a1cbc6cb009c8f12f95036632cb23e72cb16b8a0d265ce09a8a4fff", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:01:38Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:09:10Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Characterization of butyrate-metabolism in colorectal cancer to guide clinical treatment.", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-023-32457-z", "pmid": "36991138", "authors": ["Qinghua Luo", "Ping Zhou", "Shuangqing Chang", "Zhifang Huang", "Xuebo Zeng"], "journal": "Scientific reports", "year": 2023, "abstract": "Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent one in the world among the most common malignant tumors. Numerous studies have shown that butyrate has demonstrated promise as an antitumor agent in a variety of human cancer types. However, butyrate remains understudied in CRC tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we explored therapeutic strategies to treat CRC by examining the role of butyrate metabolism. First, from the Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB), we identified 348 butyrate metabolism-related genes (BMRGs). Next, we downloaded 473 CRC and 41 standard colorectal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the transcriptome data of GSE39582 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then we evaluated the expression patterns of butyrate metabolism-related genes with difference analysis in CRC. Through univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, a prognostic model was constructed based on differentially expressed BMRGs. In addition, we discovered an independent prognostic marker for CRC patients. According to the expression levels and coefficients of identified BMRGs, the risk scores of all CRC samples were calculated. Utilizing differentially expressed genes in the high- and low-risk groups, we also constructed a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network to visualize the interactions between proteins. Through the results of PPI network, we screened out differentially expressed target butyrate metabolism-related genes from ten hub genes. Finally, we performed clinical correlation analysis, immune cell infiltration analysis, and mutation analysis for these target genes. One hundred and seventy three differentially expressed butyrate metabolism-related genes were screened out in all the CRC samples. The prognostic model was established with univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analysis. CRC patients' overall survival was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group for both training and validation set. Among the ten hub genes identified from the PPI network, four target butyrate metabolism-related genes were identified containing FN1, SERPINE1, THBS2, and COMP, which might provide novel markers or targets for treating CRC patients. Eighteen butyrate metabolism-related genes were used to develop a risk prognostic model that could be helpful for doctors to predict CRC patients' survival rate. Using this model, it is beneficial to forecast the response of CRC patients to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, thus making it easier to custom tailor cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy to the individual patient.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "The “survival” package was used to identify the association between gene expression levels and patients’ overall survival using univariate Cox regression analysis on differentially expressed butyrate metabolism-related genes of the training set. The number of genes was further reduced and gene collinearity was eliminated using LASSO Cox regression.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36991138", "locator": "sections[6] \"Identification of prognostic genes\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The “survival” package was used to identify the association between gene expression levels and patients’ overall survival using univariate Cox regression analysis on differentially expressed butyrate metabolism-related genes of the training set. The number of genes was further reduced and gene collinearity was eliminated using LASSO Cox regression."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "This study relied on publicly available data. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases contain this information.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36991138", "locator": "sections[29] \"notes\" paragraph 1", "quote": "This study relied on publicly available data. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases contain this information."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Eighteen butyrate metabolism-related genes were used to develop a risk prognostic model that could be helpful for doctors to predict CRC patients’ survival rate.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:36991138", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Eighteen butyrate metabolism-related genes were used to develop a risk prognostic model that could be helpful for doctors to predict CRC patients’ survival rate."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Eighteen butyrate metabolism-related genes were used to develop a risk prognostic model that could be helpful for doctors to predict CRC patients’ survival rate.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:36991138"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE39582"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE39582"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:36991138", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32457-z", "sha256": "sha256:0cc85c0a49e78da847aff57430af13d4b42ef896e29bfd21150d1ef76ee4634f", "bytes": 38947, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1038/s41598-023-32457-z", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC10060236", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body_without_references", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE39582", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE39582", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE39582", "version": null, "note": "This study relied on publicly available data. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases contain this information.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "This study relied on publicly available data. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases contain this information.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM1681353", "GSM1681354", "GSM1681355", "GSM1681356", "GSM1681357", "GSM1681358", "GSM1681359", "GSM1681360", "GSM1681361", "GSM1681362", "GSM1681363", "GSM1681364", "GSM1681365", "GSM1681366", "GSM1681367", "GSM1681368", "GSM1681369", "GSM1681370", "GSM1681371", "GSM971957", "GSM971958", "GSM971959", "GSM971960", "GSM971961", "GSM971962", "GSM971963", "GSM971964", "GSM971965", "GSM971966", "GSM971967", "GSM971968", "GSM971969", "GSM971970", "GSM971971", "GSM971972", "GSM971973", "GSM971974", "GSM971975", "GSM971976", "GSM971977", "GSM971978", "GSM971979", "GSM971980", "GSM971981", "GSM971982", "GSM971983", "GSM971984", "GSM971985", "GSM971986", "GSM971987", "GSM971988", "GSM971989", "GSM971990", "GSM971991", "GSM971992", "GSM971993", "GSM971994", "GSM971995", "GSM971996", "GSM971997", "GSM971998", "GSM971999", "GSM972000", "GSM972001", "GSM972002", "GSM972003", "GSM972004", "GSM972005", "GSM972006", "GSM972007", "GSM972008", "GSM972009", "GSM972010", "GSM972011", "GSM972012", "GSM972013", "GSM972014", "GSM972015", "GSM972016", "GSM972017", "GSM972018", "GSM972019", "GSM972020", "GSM972021", "GSM972022", "GSM972023", "GSM972024", "GSM972025", "GSM972026", "GSM972027", "GSM972028", "GSM972029", "GSM972030", "GSM972031", "GSM972032", "GSM972033", "GSM972034", "GSM972035", "GSM972036", "GSM972037", "GSM972038", "GSM972039", "GSM972040", "GSM972041", "GSM972042", "GSM972043", "GSM972044", "GSM972045", "GSM972046", "GSM972047", "GSM972048", "GSM972049", "GSM972050", "GSM972051", "GSM972052", "GSM972053", "GSM972054", "GSM972055", "GSM972056", "GSM972057", "GSM972058", "GSM972059", "GSM972060", "GSM972061", "GSM972062", "GSM972063", "GSM972064", "GSM972065", "GSM972066", "GSM972067", "GSM972068", "GSM972069", "GSM972070", "GSM972071", "GSM972072", "GSM972073", "GSM972074", "GSM972075", "GSM972076", "GSM972077", "GSM972078", "GSM972079", "GSM972080", "GSM972081", "GSM972082", "GSM972083", "GSM972084", "GSM972085", "GSM972086", "GSM972087", "GSM972088", "GSM972089", "GSM972090", "GSM972091", "GSM972092", "GSM972093", "GSM972094", "GSM972095", "GSM972096", "GSM972097", "GSM972098", "GSM972099", "GSM972100", "GSM972101", "GSM972102", "GSM972103", "GSM972104", "GSM972105", "GSM972106", "GSM972107", "GSM972108", "GSM972109", "GSM972110", "GSM972111", "GSM972112", "GSM972113", "GSM972114", "GSM972115", "GSM972116", "GSM972117", "GSM972118", "GSM972119", "GSM972120", "GSM972121", "GSM972122", "GSM972123", "GSM972124", "GSM972125", "GSM972126", "GSM972127", "GSM972128", "GSM972129", "GSM972130", "GSM972131", "GSM972132", "GSM972133", "GSM972134", "GSM972135", "GSM972136", "GSM972137", "GSM972138", "GSM972139", "GSM972140", "GSM972141", "GSM972142", "GSM972143", "GSM972144", "GSM972145", "GSM972146", "GSM972147", "GSM972148", "GSM972149", "GSM972150", "GSM972151", "GSM972152", "GSM972153", "GSM972154", "GSM972155", "GSM972156", "GSM972157", "GSM972158", "GSM972159", "GSM972160", "GSM972161", "GSM972162", "GSM972163", "GSM972164", "GSM972165", "GSM972166", "GSM972167", "GSM972168", "GSM972169", "GSM972170", "GSM972171", "GSM972172", "GSM972173", "GSM972174", "GSM972175", "GSM972176", "GSM972177", "GSM972178", "GSM972179", "GSM972180", "GSM972181", "GSM972182", "GSM972183", "GSM972184", "GSM972185", "GSM972186", "GSM972187", "GSM972188", "GSM972189", "GSM972190", "GSM972191", "GSM972192", "GSM972193", "GSM972194", "GSM972195", "GSM972196", "GSM972197", "GSM972198", "GSM972199", "GSM972200", "GSM972201", "GSM972202", "GSM972203", "GSM972204", "GSM972205", "GSM972206", "GSM972207", "GSM972208", "GSM972209", "GSM972210", "GSM972211", "GSM972212", "GSM972213", "GSM972214", "GSM972215", "GSM972216", "GSM972217", "GSM972218", "GSM972219", "GSM972220", "GSM972221", "GSM972222", "GSM972223", "GSM972224", "GSM972225", "GSM972226", "GSM972227", "GSM972228", "GSM972229", "GSM972230", "GSM972231", "GSM972232", "GSM972233", "GSM972234", "GSM972235", "GSM972236", "GSM972237", "GSM972238", "GSM972239", "GSM972240", "GSM972241", "GSM972242", "GSM972243", "GSM972244", "GSM972245", "GSM972246", "GSM972247", "GSM972248", "GSM972249", "GSM972250", "GSM972251", "GSM972252", "GSM972253", "GSM972254", "GSM972255", "GSM972256", "GSM972257", "GSM972258", "GSM972259", "GSM972260", "GSM972261", "GSM972262", "GSM972263", "GSM972264", "GSM972265", "GSM972266", "GSM972267", "GSM972268", "GSM972269", "GSM972270", "GSM972271", "GSM972272", "GSM972273", "GSM972274", "GSM972275", "GSM972276", "GSM972277", "GSM972278", "GSM972279", "GSM972280", "GSM972281", "GSM972282", "GSM972283", "GSM972284", "GSM972285", "GSM972286", "GSM972287", "GSM972288", "GSM972289", "GSM972290", "GSM972291", "GSM972292", "GSM972293", "GSM972294", "GSM972295", "GSM972296", "GSM972297", "GSM972298", "GSM972299", "GSM972300", "GSM972301", "GSM972302", "GSM972303", "GSM972304", "GSM972305", "GSM972306", "GSM972307", "GSM972308", "GSM972309", "GSM972310", "GSM972311", "GSM972312", "GSM972313", "GSM972314", "GSM972315", "GSM972316", "GSM972317", "GSM972318", "GSM972319", "GSM972320", "GSM972321", "GSM972322", "GSM972323", "GSM972324", "GSM972325", "GSM972326", "GSM972327", "GSM972328", "GSM972329", "GSM972330", "GSM972331", "GSM972332", "GSM972333", "GSM972334", "GSM972335", "GSM972336", "GSM972337", "GSM972338", "GSM972339", "GSM972340", "GSM972341", "GSM972342", "GSM972343", "GSM972344", "GSM972345", "GSM972346", "GSM972347", "GSM972348", "GSM972349", "GSM972350", "GSM972351", "GSM972352", "GSM972353", "GSM972354", "GSM972355", "GSM972356", "GSM972357", "GSM972358", "GSM972359", "GSM972360", "GSM972361", "GSM972362", "GSM972363", "GSM972364", "GSM972365", "GSM972366", "GSM972367", "GSM972368", "GSM972369", "GSM972370", "GSM972371", "GSM972372", "GSM972373", "GSM972374", "GSM972375", "GSM972376", "GSM972377", "GSM972378", "GSM972379", "GSM972380", "GSM972381", "GSM972382", "GSM972383", "GSM972384", "GSM972385", "GSM972386", "GSM972387", "GSM972388", "GSM972389", "GSM972390", "GSM972391", "GSM972392", "GSM972393", "GSM972394", "GSM972395", "GSM972396", "GSM972397", "GSM972398", "GSM972399", "GSM972400", "GSM972401", "GSM972402", "GSM972403", "GSM972404", "GSM972405", "GSM972406", "GSM972407", "GSM972408", "GSM972409", "GSM972410", "GSM972411", "GSM972412", "GSM972413", "GSM972414", "GSM972415", "GSM972416", "GSM972417", "GSM972418", "GSM972419", "GSM972420", "GSM972421", "GSM972422", "GSM972423", "GSM972424", "GSM972425", "GSM972426", "GSM972427", "GSM972428", "GSM972429", "GSM972430", "GSM972431", "GSM972432", "GSM972433", "GSM972434", "GSM972435", "GSM972436", "GSM972437", "GSM972438", "GSM972439", "GSM972440", "GSM972441", "GSM972442", "GSM972443", "GSM972444", "GSM972445", "GSM972446", "GSM972447", "GSM972448", "GSM972449", "GSM972450", "GSM972451", "GSM972452", "GSM972453", "GSM972454", "GSM972455", "GSM972456", "GSM972457", "GSM972458", "GSM972459", "GSM972460", "GSM972461", "GSM972462", "GSM972463", "GSM972464", "GSM972465", "GSM972466", "GSM972467", "GSM972468", "GSM972469", "GSM972470", "GSM972471", "GSM972472", "GSM972473", "GSM972474", "GSM972475", "GSM972476", "GSM972477", "GSM972478", "GSM972479", "GSM972480", "GSM972481", "GSM972482", "GSM972483", "GSM972484", "GSM972485", "GSM972486", "GSM972487", "GSM972488", "GSM972489", "GSM972490", "GSM972491", "GSM972492", "GSM972493", "GSM972494", "GSM972495", "GSM972496", "GSM972497", "GSM972498", "GSM972499", "GSM972500", "GSM972501", "GSM972502", "GSM972503", "GSM972504", "GSM972505", "GSM972506", "GSM972507", "GSM972508", "GSM972509", "GSM972510", "GSM972511", "GSM972512", "GSM972513", "GSM972514", "GSM972515", "GSM972516", "GSM972517", "GSM972518", "GSM972519", "GSM972520", "GSM972521", "GSM972522"], "sample_count": 585, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "570", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Gene expression Classification of Colon Cancer defines six molecular subtypes with distinct clinical, molecular and survival characteristics [Expression]", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE39582 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE39582 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "complete", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "survival_analysis", "specific": "cox_proportional_hazards", "label": "Survival analysis", "dsl_operations": ["cox_ph"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["time_to_event_with_censoring"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "The “survival” package was used to identify the association between gene expression levels and patients’ overall survival using univariate Cox regression analysis on differentially expressed butyrate metabolism-related genes of the training set. The number of genes was further reduced and gene collinearity was eliminated using LASSO Cox regression."}}, {"id": "method-2", "family": "differential_expression", "specific": "limma_voom", "label": "Differential expression analysis", "dsl_operations": ["normalise_counts", "differential_expression_fit", "fdr_bh"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["count_matrix_with_condition"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "limma"}}, {"id": "method-3", "family": "network_analysis", "specific": "ppi_network", "label": "Network / pathway analysis", "dsl_operations": ["build_graph", "centrality_scores", "pathway_enrich"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["edge_list"], "evidence": {"score": 0.7, "band": "medium", "quote": "Protein-Protein Interaction"}}, {"id": "method-4", "family": "network_analysis", "specific": "pathway_enrichment", "label": "Network / pathway analysis", "dsl_operations": ["pathway_enrich"], "missing_operations": [], "expressible": true, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["edge_list"], "evidence": {"score": 0.8, "band": "high", "quote": "GO enrichment"}}], "targets": [], "gaps": []}, "capability": {"state": "complete", "requirements": [{"capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "label": "Computational analysis platform", "assay_families": ["meta_analysis", "machine_learning", "survival_analysis", "statistical_regression", "pca", "molecular_docking", "network_analysis", "differential_expression", "gwas"], "availability_state": "owned", "tier_unlocked": "R1", "candidate": "Automated Assays Laravel application and simulated adapters"}], "gaps": []}, "readiness": {"state": "complete", "tier": "R1", "blocking_axis": "none", "blocked_on": "nothing:replicable_now", "axes": {"method": {"tier": "R1", "expressible": true, "required_operations": ["cox_ph"], "missing_operations": [], "basis": "The paper names the method it used and the corpus's method extractor maps it onto the DSL catalogue: cox_proportional_hazards."}, "capability": {"tier": "R1", "capability_id": "capability:computational_analysis", "availability_state": "owned", "basis": "The computational analysis is owned. The physical bench the paper used is not, so a physical validation cannot be run here."}, "data": {"tier": "R1", "reachable": true, "accessions": ["GSE39582"], "resolved_accessions": ["GSE39582"], "statements": ["This study relied on publicly available data. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases contain this information."], "basis": "The paper names GSE39582 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the accession resolves in the repository. No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["cox_ph"], "assets": ["source:pmid:36991138", "data:geo:GSE39582"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE39582"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T18:35:11Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 10679, "completion_tokens": 1912, "cached_tokens": 188}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:36991138", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:36991138"}, {"id": "source:pmid:36991138", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 36991138 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE39582", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE39582"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:36991138", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:36991138"}, {"id": "source:pmid:36991138", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 36991138 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE39582", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE39582"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-36991138", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:36991138"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE39582", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE39582"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:36991138", "parent_hash": "sha256:d739b052e6f5200292911f14ee652bf0fd86a725680557607b5a58a763d5682d", "fork_of": null, "generation": 2}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE39582 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE39582 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "survival_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["cox_ph"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["The “survival” package was used to identify the association between gene expression levels and patients’ overall survival using univariate Cox regression analysis on differentially expressed butyrate metabolism-related genes of the training set. The number of genes was further reduced and gene collinearity was eliminated using LASSO Cox regression."], "order_basis": "analysis_only", "id": "assay:1"}]}