Screening ANLN and ASPM as bladder urothelial carcinoma-related biomarkers based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:37051591", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:2ee075babb70dfa2275d78ea649585d552692886fbfbf282d807730364240de4", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:01:42Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:51:41Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Screening ANLN and ASPM as bladder urothelial carcinoma-related biomarkers based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis.", "doi": "10.3389/fgene.2023.1107625", "pmid": "37051591", "authors": ["Tenghao Yang", "Zepai Chi", "Guoyuan Liu", "Xuwei Hong", "Sizhe Cao", "Kequan Cheng", "Yonghai Zhang"], "journal": "Frontiers in genetics", "year": 2023, "abstract": "Introduction: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most common malignancies in the urinary system with a poor prognosis and high treatment costs. Identifying potential prognostic biomarkers is significant for exploring new therapeutic and predictive targets of BLCA. Methods: In this study, we screened differentially expressed genes using the GSE37815 dataset. We then performed a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the genes correlated with the histologic grade and T stage of BLCA using the GSE32548 dataset. Subsequently, Kaplan Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were used to further identify prognosis-related hub genes using the datasets GSE13507 and TCGA-BLCA. Moreover, we detected the expression of the hub genes in 35 paired samples, including BLCA and paracancerous tissue, from the Shantou Central Hospital by qRT-polymerase chain reaction. Results: This study showed that Anillin (ANLN) and Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated gene (ASPM) were prognostic biomarkers for BLCA. High expression of ANLN and ASPM was associated with poor overall survival.The qRT-PCR results revealed that ANLN and ASPM genes were upregulated in BLCA, and there was a correlation between the expression of ANLN and ASPM in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissue. Additionally, the increasing multiples in the ANLN gene was obvious in high-grade BLCA. Discussion: In summary, this preliminary exploration indicated a correlation between ANLN and ASPM expression. These two genes, serving as the risk factors for BLCA progression, might be promising targets to improve the occurrence and progression of BLCA.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "We conducted the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses by R package “survival” to further search prognostic genes, using datasets GSE13507 and TCGA-BLCA as validation cohorts.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37051591", "locator": "sections[5] \"2.3 Screening prognostic hub genes by Cox regression and K-M survival analyses\" paragraph 2", "quote": "We conducted the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses by R package “survival” to further search prognostic genes, using datasets GSE13507 and TCGA-BLCA as validation cohorts."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37051591", "locator": "sections[18] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "ANLN was identified as a prognosis-related hub gene for bladder cancer, with high expression associated with poor overall survival in the TCGA-BLCA and GSE13507 cohorts.", "kind": "quantitative", "target": {"value": 95.0, "unit": "per cent", "tolerance": null, "source": "Firstly, we conducted univariate Cox regression analysis and found that the ANLN gene (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.07–1.42, p = 0.003) was the only risk factor in the TCGA-BLCA dataset."}, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37051591", "locator": "sections[12] \"3.2 Identification of ANLN as a prognosisrelated hub gene\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Firstly, we conducted univariate Cox regression analysis and found that the ANLN gene (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.07–1.42, p = 0.003) was the only risk factor in the TCGA-BLCA dataset."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:37051591", "locator": "sections[12] \"3.2 Identification of ANLN as a prognosisrelated hub gene\" paragraph 2", "quote": "In the GSE13507 dataset, univariate Cox regression analysis identified 43 genes related to BLCA prognosis, including ANLN (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.18–1.83, p = 0.001)."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:37051591", "locator": "sections[12] \"3.2 Identification of ANLN as a prognosisrelated hub gene\" paragraph 2", "quote": "K-M survival curve suggested that the high-expression of ANLN had a poor OS in both datasets TCGA-BLCA and GSE13507 datasets (Figures 3A, B)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "ANLN was identified as a prognosis-related hub gene for bladder cancer, with high expression associated with poor overall survival in the TCGA-BLCA and GSE13507 cohorts.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:37051591"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["survival_km"], "assets": ["source:pmid:37051591", "data:geo:GSE13507"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE13507"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T18:36:17Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 13771, "completion_tokens": 1472, "cached_tokens": 264}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:37051591", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:37051591"}, {"id": "source:pmid:37051591", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 37051591 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE13507", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE13507"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:37051591", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:37051591"}, {"id": "source:pmid:37051591", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 37051591 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE13507", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE13507"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-37051591", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:37051591"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE13507", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE13507"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:37051591", "parent_hash": "sha256:17c6affce6ea9c156763be65f7990838e0bc0d7f315a970245123ac664fe3ea3", "fork_of": null, "generation": 3}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE13507 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE13507 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE32548 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE32548 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE37815 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE37815 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_differs_from_extractor", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "survival_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["survival_km"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 1.0, "evidence": ["We conducted the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses by R package “survival” to further search prognostic genes, using datasets GSE13507 and TCGA-BLCA as validation cohorts."], "order_basis": "analysis_only", "id": "assay:1"}]}