CLDN4 as a Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker and Its Association with Immune Infiltrates in Ovarian Cancer.

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Because of the high rates of relapse, there is an immediate and pressing need for the discovery of innovative sensitive biomarkers for OC patients. Using TCGA and GSE26712 datasets, we were able to identify 17 survival-related DEGs in OC that had differential expression. CLDN4 was the gene that caught our attention the most out of the 17 important genes since its expression was much higher in OC samples than in nontumor samples. The findings of the ROC assays then confirmed the diagnostic utility of the test in screening OC specimens to differentiate them from nontumor specimens. Patients with high CLDN4 expression predicted a shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) than those with low CLDN4 expression, according to clinical research. Patients with low CLDN4 expression predicted longer OS and DSS. Analysis using both univariate and multivariate techniques revealed that CLDN4 expression was an independent factor associated with a poor prognosis for OS and DSS. Based on multivariate analysis, the C-indexes and calibration plots of the nomogram suggested an effective predictive performance for OC patients. After that, we investigated whether or not there was a link between the infiltration of immune cells and the expression of the CLDN4 gene. We found that the expression of CLDN4 was positively associated with Th17 cells, NK CD56bright cells, while negatively associated with Th2 cells, pDC, and T helper cells. In the end, we carried out RT-PCR on our cohort and confirmed that the level of CLDN4 expression was noticeably elevated in OC specimens in comparison to nontumor tissues. The diagnostic usefulness of CLDN4 expression for OC was also validated by the findings of ROC tests. Thus, our findings revealed that CLDN4 may serve as a predictive biomarker in OC to assess both the clinical outcome of OC patients and the level of immune infiltration.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "In order to study the relationship between gene expression and the overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progress free interval (PFI) of OC patients, Kaplan-Meier plots were generated. A log-rank test was utilized in order to investigate the statistical significance of the correlation.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37057131", "locator": "sections[7] \"2.5. Survival Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "In order to study the relationship between gene expression and the overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progress free interval (PFI) of OC patients, Kaplan-Meier plots were generated. A log-rank test was utilized in order to investigate the statistical significance of the correlation."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37057131", "locator": "sections[24] \"Data Availability\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "CLDN4 expression was noticeably elevated in ovarian cancer specimens compared with nontumor tissues.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37057131", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "In the end, we carried out RT-PCR on our cohort and confirmed that the level of CLDN4 expression was noticeably elevated in OC specimens in comparison to nontumor tissues."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "CLDN4 expression was noticeably elevated in ovarian cancer specimens compared with nontumor tissues.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:37057131"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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