Irisin Ameliorates Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Regulating the Smad4/β-Catenin Pathway in Diabetic Mice.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:37292142", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:9a5c55f6bc84954bc72e6a240f12297adc6e91cfac7951a8b6d3df11b3042807", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:02:01Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:52:05Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Irisin Ameliorates Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Regulating the Smad4/β-Catenin Pathway in Diabetic Mice.", "doi": "10.2147/DMSO.S407734", "pmid": "37292142", "authors": ["Zhaohua Yang", "Jinying Wei", "Yashu Wang", "Yunxia Du", "Shan Song", "Jiawei Li", "Ziyuan Su", "Yonghong Shi", "Haijiang Wu"], "journal": "Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy", "year": 2023, "abstract": "Background: The primary pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), and an essential contributing element is excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Irisin is a polypeptide formed by splitting fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5), which participates in a number of physiological and pathological processes.\nMethods: The purpose of this article is to examine irisin's function in DKD and analyze both its in vitro and in vivo effects. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to download GSE30122, GSE104954, and GSE99325. Analysis of renal tubule samples from nondiabetic and diabetic mice identified 94 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2), irisin, and TGF-β1 were utilized as DEGs to examine the impact of irisin on TIF in diabetic kidney tissue, according to the datasets retrieved from the GEO database and Nephroseq database. Additionally, the therapeutic impact of irisin was also examined using Western blot, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and kits for detecting mouse biochemical indices.\nResults: In vitro, the findings demonstrated that irisin not only down-regulated the expression of Smad4 and β-catenin but also reduced the expression of proteins linked to fibrosis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and mitochondrial dysfunction in HK-2 cells maintained in high glucose (HG) environment. In vivo, overexpressed FNDC5 plasmid was injected into diabetic mice to enhance its expression. Our studies found that overexpressed FNDC5 plasmid not only reversed the biochemical parameters and renal morphological characteristics of diabetic mice but also alleviated EMT and TIF by inhibiting Smad4/β-catenin signaling pathway.\nConclusion: The above experimental results revealed that irisin could reduce TIF in diabetic mice via regulating the Smad4/β-catenin pathway.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Each data set is normalized and screened using the limma package of the R programming language (4.0.3, https://www.r-project.org/).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37292142", "locator": "sections[3] \"Bioinformatic Analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Each data set is normalized and screened using the limma package of the R programming language (4.0.3, https://www.r-project.org/)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) and the Nephroseq database (http://www.nephroseq.org/) were used to generate the data. We value the data platform and the writers who provided the data for upload.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37292142", "locator": "sections[25] \"Data Sharing Statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) and the Nephroseq database (http://www.nephroseq.org/) were used to generate the data. We value the data platform and the writers who provided the data for upload."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Analysis of renal tubule samples from nondiabetic and diabetic mice identified 94 differentially expressed genes (DEGs).", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37292142", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Analysis of renal tubule samples from nondiabetic and diabetic mice identified 94 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Analysis of renal tubule samples from nondiabetic and diabetic mice identified 94 differentially expressed genes (DEGs).", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:37292142"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE104954"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE104954"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:37292142", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S407734", "sha256": "sha256:f8bb8e7275dbd746069e597846b166fde6c95660a5b1bc8d5d0a72bd4f5e2a42", "bytes": 50472, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.2147/DMSO.S407734", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC10244207", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE104954", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE104954", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE104954", "version": null, "note": "The GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) and the Nephroseq database (http://www.nephroseq.org/) were used to generate the data. 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