The elucidation of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EMO in rheumatoid arthritis through an integrative approach combining bioinformatics and experimental verification.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:37324499", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:edea20cfda35991ed96427fed720c1445b430c8d016c1793704b589fc2bc2e62", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:02:03Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:52:07Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "The elucidation of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EMO in rheumatoid arthritis through an integrative approach combining bioinformatics and experimental verification.", "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2023.1195567", "pmid": "37324499", "authors": ["Pusheng Hui", "Sicong Zhou", "Chunhao Cao", "Wenting Zhao", "Li Zeng", "Xiaofeng Rong"], "journal": "Frontiers in pharmacology", "year": 2023, "abstract": "Introduction: Emodin (EMO), a natural derivative of the anthraquinone family mainly extracted from rhubarb (Rheum palmatum), has previously been demonstrated to possess superior anti-inflammatory properties from a single target or pathway. In order to explore the underlying mechanism of action of EMO against rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a network pharmacology approach was employed. Methods: A gene expression profile from GSE55457 available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to identify the targets of EMO action. Further, single cell RNA sequencing data from GEO database of RA patients (GSE159117) were downloaded and analysed. To further investigate the anti-RA effect of EMO on MH7A cells, the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β were monitored. Finally, RNA-seq analyses were conducted on synovial fibroblasts from EMO-treated. Result: We screened the key targets of EMO against RA using network pharmacology methods, including HMGB1, STAT1, EGR1, NR3C1, EGFR, MAPK14, CASP3, CASP1, IL4, IL13, IKBKB and FN1, and their reliability was verified using ROC curve. Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis showed that these core target proteins mainly played a role by modulating monocytes. The anti-RA effect of EMO was further verified with MH7A cells, which showed that EMO could block cell differentiation and reduce the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β. WB experiments confirmed that EMO could affect the expression of COX2, HMBG1 and the phosphorylation of p38. Finally, sequencing of synovial fibroblasts from rats treated with EMO showed consistent results with those predicted and verified, further proving the anti-inflammatory effect of EMO. Conclusion: Our research shows that EMO inhibits inflammatory response of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by targeting HMGB1, STAT1, EGR1, NR3C1, EGFR, MAPK14, CASP3, CASP1, IL4, IL13, IKBKB, FN1 and Monocytes/macrophages.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Differences between groups were explored using One-way analysis of variance ANOVA) then pair-wise differences between groups were determined by conducting Tukey’s post hoc test.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37324499", "locator": "sections[26] \"2.12 Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Differences between groups were explored using One-way analysis of variance ANOVA) then pair-wise differences between groups were determined by conducting Tukey’s post hoc test."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets generated or analyzed for this study can be found in the GSE232679, GSE55457, GSE159117 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37324499", "locator": "sections[40] \"Data availability statement\" paragraph 2", "quote": "The datasets generated or analyzed for this study can be found in the GSE232679, GSE55457, GSE159117 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "Our research shows that EMO inhibits inflammatory response of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by targeting HMGB1, STAT1, EGR1, NR3C1, EGFR, MAPK14, CASP3, CASP1, IL4, IL13, IKBKB, FN1 and Monocytes/macrophages.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37324499", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 4", "quote": "Our research shows that EMO inhibits inflammatory response of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by targeting HMGB1, STAT1, EGR1, NR3C1, EGFR, MAPK14, CASP3, CASP1, IL4, IL13, IKBKB, FN1 and Monocytes/macrophages."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "Our research shows that EMO inhibits inflammatory response of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by targeting HMGB1, STAT1, EGR1, NR3C1, EGFR, MAPK14, CASP3, CASP1, IL4, IL13, IKBKB, FN1 and Monocytes/macrophages.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:37324499"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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Finally, RNA-seq analyses were conducted on synovial fibrobla", "targets of EMO action. Further, single cell RNA sequencing data from GEO database of RA patients (GSE15", "ty was verified using ROC curve. Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis showed that these core target", "anism of EMO using the systems pharmacology, RNA-seq, and experimental verification approach. 2.1"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:685", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "scrna_seq", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "unsupported", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["ir reliability was verified using ROC curve. 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