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pmid:37334367
Development and validation of polyamines metabolism-associated gene signatures to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma.
Ning Wang · Mengyu Chai · Lingye Zhu · Jingjing Liu · Chang Yu · Xiaoying Huang
Frontiers in immunology · 2023 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1070953
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Experiment
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Complete file
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In this study, we focused on exploring whether polyamines metabolism-associated genes would provide prognosis and immunotherapy response prediction in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).\nMethods: The expression profile data of polyamines metabolism-associated genes were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Utilizing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, we created a risk score model according to polyamines metabolism-associated gene signatures. Meanwhile, an independent cohort (GSE72094) was employed to validate this model. Through the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, the independent prognostic factors were identified. Subsequently, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect their expression in LUAD cells. By consensus clustering analysis, polyamines metabolism-associated subgroups were determined in LUAD patients, with differential gene expression, prognosis, and immune characteristics analyses explored.\nResults: A total of 59 polyamines metabolism genes were collected for this study, of which 14 genes were identified for the construction of risk score model using LASSO method. High- and low- risk groups of LUAD patients in TCGA cohort were distinguished via this model, and high-risk group presented dismal clinical outcomes. The same prognostic prediction of this model had been also validated in GSE72094 cohort. Meanwhile, three independent prognostic factors (PSMC6, SMOX, SMS) were determined for constructing the nomogram, and they were all upregulated in LUAD cells. In addition, two distinct subgroups (C1 and C2) were identified in LUAD patients. Comparing the two subgroups, 291 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired, mainly enriching in organelle fission, nuclear division, and cell cycle. Comparing to C1 subgroup, the patients in C2 subgroup had favorable clinical outcomes, increased immune cells infiltration, and effective immunotherapy response.\nConclusion: This study identified polyamines metabolism-associated gene signatures for predicting the patients' survival, and they were also linked to immune cells infiltration and immunotherapy response in LUAD patients.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Based on LASSO algorithm using “glmnet” R package (17), the significant polyamines metabolism gene signatures were explored to construct the risk score model.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37334367", "locator": "sections[5] \"Identification of polyamines metabolism-associated gene signatures for risk score model in LUAD\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Based on LASSO algorithm using “glmnet” R package (17), the significant polyamines metabolism gene signatures were explored to construct the risk score model."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. 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Meanwhile, an independent cohort (GSE72094) was employed to validate this model."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:37334367", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "A total of 59 polyamines metabolism genes were collected for this study, of which 14 genes were identified for the construction of risk score model using LASSO method."}, {"asset": "source:pmid:37334367", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "The same prognostic prediction of this model had been also validated in GSE72094 cohort."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "A 14-gene polyamines metabolism-associated risk score model was constructed with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm using TCGA data and validated in the independent GSE72094 cohort.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:37334367"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": ["survival_km"], "assets": ["source:pmid:37334367", "data:geo:GSE72094"], "steps": ["run_analysis"]}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE72094"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T18:44:11Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 11739, "completion_tokens": 1879, "cached_tokens": 264}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:37334367", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:37334367"}, {"id": "source:pmid:37334367", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 37334367 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE72094", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE72094"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:37334367", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:37334367"}, {"id": "source:pmid:37334367", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 37334367 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE72094", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE72094"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-37334367", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:37334367"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE72094", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE72094"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:37334367", "parent_hash": "sha256:5fa2f0a027cd45a8f89edb2fd8717945b1be6a8394fe0ab610e1fc3c318d691c", "fork_of": null, "generation": 1}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE72094 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE72094 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.reader_named_unmapped", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "qpcr", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.99, "evidence": ["ript III All-in-one RT Super mix Perfect for qPCR kit (Vazyme, China), qRT-PCR was conducted u", "R was conducted using Taq Pro Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix kit (Vazyme, China). GAPDH served"], "order_basis": "paper_text_order:2857", "id": "assay:1"}, {"role": "analysis", "definition_id": "survival_analysis", "definition_version": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": ["survival_km"], "support_state": "supported", "source_hashes": {"dsl_catalogue": "f2132e96ae6c7a4e"}, "confidence": 0.8, "evidence": ["Kaplan-Meier"], "order_basis": "consumes_earlier_output", "id": "assay:2"}]}