Identification of Potential Key Genes Linked to Gender Differences in Bladder Cancer Based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:37564439", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:348d2c7c209f063e0ad0f9eed28f3cf4b84ed56c8d68daca7b5eacc86c9a7d62", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:02:21Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:52:29Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Identification of Potential Key Genes Linked to Gender Differences in Bladder Cancer Based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database.", "doi": "10.4103/abr.abr_280_22", "pmid": "37564439", "authors": ["Azam Rasti", "Omid Abazari", "Parisa Dayati", "Zahra Kardan", "Ali Salari", "Masoud Khalili", "Fatemeh Movahedi Motlagh", "Mohammad Hossein Modarressi"], "journal": "Advanced biomedical research", "year": 2023, "abstract": "Background: Growing evidence strongly indicates pivotal roles of gender differences in the occurrence and survival rate of patients with bladder cancer, with a higher incidence in males and poorer prognosis in females. Nevertheless, the molecular basis underlying gender-specific differences in bladder cancer remains unknown. The current study has tried to detect key genes contributing to gender differences in bladder cancer patients.\nMaterials and Methods: The gene expression profile of GSE13507 was firstly obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Further, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between males and females using R software. Protein-protein interactive (PPI) network analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were also performed.\nResults: We detected six hub genes contributing to gender differences in bladder cancer patients, containing IGF2, CCL5, ASPM, CDC20, BUB1B, and CCNB1. Our analyses demonstrated that CCNB1 and BUB1B were upregulated in tumor tissues of female subjects with bladder cancer. Other genes, such as IGF2 and CCL5, were associated with a poor outcome in male patients with bladder cancer. Additionally, three signaling pathways (focal adhesion, rheumatoid arthritis, and human T-cell leukemia virus infection) were identified to be differentially downregulated in bladder cancer versus normal samples in both genders.\nConclusion: Our findings suggested that gender differences may modulate the expression of key genes that contributed to bladder cancer occurrence and prognosis.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "DEGs between bladder tumor tissue and normal bladder tissue samples in females and males were calculated using the Linear Models for Microarray Data (LIMMA) package in R software.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37564439", "locator": "sections[4] \"Data preprocessing and sex-associated DEGs screening\" paragraph 2", "quote": "DEGs between bladder tumor tissue and normal bladder tissue samples in females and males were calculated using the Linear Models for Microarray Data (LIMMA) package in R software."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "We extracted an available gene expression profile (GSE13507) from the GEO database to recognize DEGs in bladder cancer. GSE13507 comprises 165 human bladder tumor tissue specimens (136 male and 29 female) and 51 normal bladder tissue samples (38 male and 13 female).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37564439", "locator": "sections[3] \"Data source\" paragraph 2", "quote": "We extracted an available gene expression profile (GSE13507) from the GEO database to recognize DEGs in bladder cancer. GSE13507 comprises 165 human bladder tumor tissue specimens (136 male and 29 female) and 51 normal bladder tissue samples (38 male and 13 female)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The paper detected six hub genes contributing to gender differences in bladder cancer patients: IGF2, CCL5, ASPM, CDC20, BUB1B, and CCNB1.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37564439", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "We detected six hub genes contributing to gender differences in bladder cancer patients, containing IGF2, CCL5, ASPM, CDC20, BUB1B, and CCNB1."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The paper detected six hub genes contributing to gender differences in bladder cancer patients: IGF2, CCL5, ASPM, CDC20, BUB1B, and CCNB1.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:37564439"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE13507"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE13507"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": []}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:37564439", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.4103/abr.abr_280_22", "sha256": "sha256:aac989309df5404d646640f8a60259842cb97249c151530b86fd4a36b64ac45a", "bytes": 29774, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.4103/abr.abr_280_22", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC10410418", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE13507", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE13507", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE13507", "version": null, "note": "We extracted an available gene expression profile (GSE13507) from the GEO database to recognize DEGs in bladder cancer. GSE13507 comprises 165 human bladder tumor tissue specimens (136 male and 29 female) and 51 normal bladder tissue samples (38 male and 13 female).", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "We extracted an available gene expression profile (GSE13507) from the GEO database to recognize DEGs in bladder cancer. 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