Interleukin-10 is not associated with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: A meta-analysis and meta-regression.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:37746952", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 4, "content_hash": "sha256:c12615abbce0171fbd119c1a9d0fb9b116da16a7b8f778b038d4101960b8c5fb", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:02:35Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:52:46Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Interleukin-10 is not associated with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: A meta-analysis and meta-regression.", "doi": "10.1097/MD.0000000000035036", "pmid": "37746952", "authors": ["Xiaoyan Li", "Lingyun Wu", "Jie He", "Qiuhua Sun"], "journal": "Medicine", "year": 2023, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to explore the potential relationship between interleukin-10 (IL-10) and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).\nMETHODS: All the related research articles published before October 2022 were retrieved through the online database (EMBASE, VIP, Wan Fang, Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI). Stata 11.0 software was used to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) of the continuous variable and 95% confidence interval (CI). Expression profiles GSE38792 and GSE135917 were acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, respectively. The expression of IL-10 mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue of OSAHS patients and healthy subjects was extracted by R software to verify the difference in IL-10 between the 2 groups.\nRESULTS: The IL-10 level in the plasma of people with and without OSAHS (STD Mean Difference (SMD) = -0.68, 95% CI = -1.58 to 0.21, I2 = 94.3%, P = .136) was the same. There was also no difference in IL-10 levels in serum between people with and without OSAHS (SMD = -0.12, 95% CI = -0.55 to 0.32, I2 = 94.4%, P = .591). In addition, the subjects were divided into different subgroups for meta-analysis according to race, body mass index, age, study type, and disease severity. Based on the outcomes, no notable difference was observed in the plasma/serum IL-10 level between the OSAHS subgroups and the control group. The results of bioinformatics analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in the expression of IL-10 mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue between patients with OSAHS and those in the control group.\nCONCLUSION: The current meta-analysis highlighted that IL-10 levels between patients with OSAHS and healthy people had no difference.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "SMD and 95% CI were calculated by Stata 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX), and the significance of the combined SMD was evaluated by the Z-test. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran Q and I2 indicators in all the studies, with scores ranging from 0% to 100%. In addition, significant heterogeneity was observed in the case of P heterogeneity with Pheterogeneity < 0.1 and I2 > 50%. In this case, the random effect model was analyzed to evaluate the combined SMD and 95% CI values. We also use the fixed-effect model for analysis. The sources of heterogeneity were estimated by meta-regression and sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis was performed according to race, mean AHI, mean BMI, age, study design; The publication bias was visually evaluated by funnel diagram asymmetry, and the test results of Egger’s and Begg’s were analyzed by Stata 11.0 software. Some studies reported values between the median and quartile, which were converted to mean and standard deviation.[22] A non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the comparison of IL-10 mRNA levels between OSAHS fat tissues and normal fat tissues.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37746952", "locator": "sections[10] \"2.8. Statistical analysis\" paragraph 2", "quote": "SMD and 95% CI were calculated by Stata 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX), and the significance of the combined SMD was evaluated by the Z-test. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran Q and I2 indicators in all the studies, with scores ranging from 0% to 100%. In addition, significant heterogeneity was observed in the case of P heterogeneity with Pheterogeneity < 0.1 and I2 > 50%. In this case, the random effect model was analyzed to evaluate the combined SMD and 95% CI values. We also use the fixed-effect model for analysis. The sources of heterogeneity were estimated by meta-regression and sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis was performed according to race, mean AHI, mean BMI, age, study design; The publication bias was visually evaluated by funnel diagram asymmetry, and the test results of Egger’s and Begg’s were analyzed by Stata 11.0 software. Some studies reported values between the median and quartile, which were converted to mean and standard deviation.[22] A non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the comparison of IL-10 mRNA levels between OSAHS fat tissues and normal fat tissues."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37746952", "locator": "sections[42] \"(untitled)\" paragraph 1", "quote": "The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The IL-10 level in the plasma of people with and without OSAHS (STD Mean Difference (SMD) = −0.68, 95% CI = −1.58 to 0.21, I2 = 94.3%, P = .136) was the same.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37746952", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 3", "quote": "The IL-10 level in the plasma of people with and without OSAHS (STD Mean Difference (SMD) = −0.68, 95% CI = −1.58 to 0.21, I2 = 94.3%, P = .136) was the same."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "partial", "objective": "The IL-10 level in the plasma of people with and without OSAHS (STD Mean Difference (SMD) = −0.68, 95% CI = −1.58 to 0.21, I2 = 94.3%, P = .136) was the same.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:37746952"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. This lane did not download the dataset or read its licence.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE135917"], "outputs": ["the source data with its repository provenance"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "run_analysis", "order": 3, "name": "Run the published analysis", "kind": "analysis", "state": "blocked", "blocked_on": "method:group_comparison_wilcoxon", "description": "Apply the paper's statistical method to the resolved series and compare the result with the published target.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["data:geo:GSE135917"], "outputs": ["the replicated result and its comparison"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}], "materials": [], "instruments": [], "reagents": [], "conditions": {}, "gaps": ["step:run_analysis blocked on method:group_comparison_wilcoxon"]}, "data": {"state": "partial", "assets": [{"id": "source:pmid:37746952", "role": "manuscript", "format": "xml", "media_type": "application/xml", "uri": "https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000035036", "sha256": "sha256:855a7dc50d4d52e6918feff4ec273def1508b6e4c1893f40fe9c1c311c2be256", "bytes": 47103, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "10.1097/MD.0000000000035036", "version": null, "note": "Full article fetched from PMC; the checksum covers the rendered section body, not the original XML bytes.", "structure": {"pmcid": "PMC10519576", "source": "europe_pmc_fulltext", "coverage": "whole_body", "text_hash_scope": "rendered_section_body"}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE135917", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE135917", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE135917", "version": null, "note": "The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM4037879", "GSM4037880", "GSM4037881", "GSM4037882", "GSM4037883", "GSM4037884", "GSM4037885", "GSM4037886", "GSM4037887", "GSM4037888", "GSM4037889", "GSM4037890", "GSM4037891", "GSM4037892", "GSM4037893", "GSM4037894", "GSM4037895", "GSM4037896", "GSM4037897", "GSM4037898", "GSM4037899", "GSM4037900", "GSM4037901", "GSM4037902", "GSM4037903", "GSM4037904", "GSM4037905", "GSM4037906", "GSM4037907", "GSM4037908", "GSM4037909", "GSM4037910", "GSM4037911", "GSM4037912", "GSM4037913", "GSM4037914", "GSM4037915", "GSM4037916", "GSM4037917", "GSM4037918", "GSM4037919", "GSM4037920", "GSM4037921", "GSM4037922", "GSM4037923", "GSM4037924", "GSM4037925", "GSM4037926", "GSM4037927", "GSM4037928", "GSM4037929", "GSM4037930", "GSM4037931", "GSM4037932", "GSM4037933", "GSM4037934", "GSM4037935", "GSM4037936", "GSM4037937", "GSM4037938", "GSM4037939", "GSM4037940", "GSM4037941", "GSM4037942", "GSM4037943", "GSM4037944"], "sample_count": 66, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "6244", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Subcutaneous fat transcriptome in obstructive sleep apnea and after treatment with CPAP", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T15:39:54Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE38792", "role": "raw", "format": "geo-series", "media_type": "application/vnd.ncbi.geo-series+json", "uri": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE38792", "sha256": null, "bytes": null, "access": "open", "state": "resolved", "reader": null, "reader_status": "reader_required", "identifier": "GSE38792", "version": null, "note": "The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.", "structure": {"repository": "GEO", "access_route": "GEO accession URL", "access_statement_verbatim": "The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.", "access_statement_kind": "data_availability_statement", "sample_accessions": ["GSM949164", "GSM949166", "GSM949168", "GSM949169", "GSM949170", "GSM949171", "GSM949172", "GSM949173", "GSM949174", "GSM949175", "GSM949176", "GSM949177", "GSM949178", "GSM949179", "GSM949180", "GSM949181", "GSM949182", "GSM949183"], "sample_count": 18, "group_sizes": null, "group_sizes_basis": null, "platform": "6244", "taxon": "Homo sapiens", "title": "Visceral fat trancriptome in obstructive sleep apnea", "resolution_checked_at": "2026-11-01T18:46:34Z", "resolution_check": "identifier_resolution_only_no_download_no_licence_read", "downloaded": false, "licence_read": false}}], "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE135917 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE135917 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE38792 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE38792 licence not read"]}, "analysis": {"state": "partial", "methods": [{"id": "method-1", "family": "group_comparison", "specific": "wilcoxon", "label": "Group comparison", "dsl_operations": [], "missing_operations": ["group_comparison_wilcoxon"], "expressible": false, "parameters": {}, "data_shapes": ["two_or_more_groups_continuous"], "evidence": {"score": 1.0, "band": "verbatim", "quote": "SMD and 95% CI were calculated by Stata 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX), and the significance of the combined SMD was evaluated by the Z-test. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran Q and I2 indicators in all the studies, with scores ranging from 0% to 100%. In addition, significant heterogeneity was observed in the case of P heterogeneity with Pheterogeneity < 0.1 and I2 > 50%. In this case, the random effect model was analyzed to evaluate the combined SMD and 95% CI values. We also use the fixed-effect model for analysis. The sources of heterogeneity were estimated by meta-regression and sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis was performed according to race, mean AHI, mean BMI, age, study design; The publication bias was visually evaluated by funnel diagram asymmetry, and the test results of Egger’s and Begg’s were analyzed by Stata 11.0 software. 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No dataset was downloaded and no licence was read."}}, "can_run": {"dsl_operations": [], "assets": ["source:pmid:37746952", "data:geo:GSE135917"], "steps": []}, "must_build": {"dsl_operations": [{"operation": "group_comparison_wilcoxon", "unlocks_papers": null, "priority": null}], "converters": [], "readers": [], "capabilities": [], "data_gaps": ["data:geo:GSE135917"]}, "gaps": []}, "review": {"state": "partial", "machine_critique": {"kind": "extraction_review", "reader": {"model": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax", "provider_family": "minimax", "read_at": "2026-11-01T18:54:28Z", "independence": "single_reader"}, "evidence_check": {"method": "verbatim", "availability": "verbatim"}, "calls": 5, "usage": {"prompt_tokens": 14321, "completion_tokens": 1688, "cached_tokens": 256}}, "human_critique": null, "stages": [{"id": "extraction", "state": "complete", "reader": "MiniMax-M3.1-Flash", "provider": "minimax"}], "gaps": ["review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "review.human_critique"]}, "execution": {"state": "absent", "status": "not_run", "mode": null, "runs": [], "gaps": ["execution.not_run"]}, "provenance": {"entities": [{"id": "pmid:37746952", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:37746952"}, {"id": "source:pmid:37746952", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 37746952 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE135917", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE135917"}], "activities": [{"id": "activity-reading-sci-2026-11-01", "type": "classification", "used": [{"id": "pmid:37746952", "type": "paper", "label": "pmid:37746952"}, {"id": "source:pmid:37746952", "type": "manuscript", "label": "PMID 37746952 full text"}, {"id": "data:geo:GSE135917", "type": "dataset", "label": "GEO GSE135917"}], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}, {"id": "activity-read-37746952", "type": "extraction", "used": ["source:pmid:37746952"], "agent": "agent:minimax-reader"}, {"id": "activity-resolve-GSE135917", "type": "accession_resolution", "used": ["data:geo:GSE135917"], "agent": "agent:corpus-assay-engine"}], "agents": [{"id": "agent:corpus-assay-engine", "type": "software", "label": "Corpus assay engine"}, {"id": "agent:minimax-reader", "type": "software", "label": "MiniMax literature reader"}], "source_run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01", "dsl_catalogue_fingerprint": "343fb30756ba6ec3", "capability_table_fingerprint": "2cb3e42f047d2ecf", "snapshot_id": "ba34b49490d9bfaf"}, "lineage": {"parent_id": "pmid:37746952", "parent_hash": "sha256:a9e49f5af2264bae6ce623789cd71be150976d819820739670b7812d88318967", "fork_of": null, "generation": 3}, "gaps": ["asset:data:geo:GSE135917 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE135917 not downloaded", "asset:data:geo:GSE38792 licence not read", "asset:data:geo:GSE38792 not downloaded", "execution.not_run", "method.group_comparison_wilcoxon", "review.human_critique", "review.independent_reader", "review.machine_critique", "step:run_analysis blocked on method:group_comparison_wilcoxon"], "assays": [{"role": "data_generation", "definition_id": "elisa", "definition_version": "99e1195c7d6f", "definition_digest": null, "required_operations": [], "support_state": "partial", "source_hashes": {"assay_lexicon": "99e1195c7d6f"}, "confidence": 0.93, "evidence": ["ues using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 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