Bull Sperm SWATH-MS-Based Proteomics Reveals Link between High Fertility and Energy Production, Motility Structures, and Sperm-Oocyte Interaction.

{"sci_version": "1.2", "schema": "https://corpus.bntrg.co.uk/sci/1.0/sci.schema.json", "id": "pmid:37782577", "kind": "science-record", "revision": 5, "content_hash": "sha256:b61963e249a324007a0cb6ebafe8371d29221e031bb90287f71ec7d5825ce91c", "created_at": "2026-11-01T19:02:37Z", "updated_at": "2026-11-01T22:52:49Z", "generator": {"name": "corpus-assay-engine", "run_id": "reading-sci-2026-11-01"}, "paper": {"state": "complete", "title": "Bull Sperm SWATH-MS-Based Proteomics Reveals Link between High Fertility and Energy Production, Motility Structures, and Sperm-Oocyte Interaction.", "doi": "10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00461", "pmid": "37782577", "authors": ["Sabrina Gacem", "María Castello-Ruiz", "Carlos O Hidalgo", "Carolina Tamargo", "Pilar Santolaria", "Carles Soler", "Jesús L Yániz", "Miguel A Silvestre"], "journal": "Journal of proteome research", "year": 2023, "abstract": "The prediction of male or semen fertility potential remains a persistent challenge that has yet to be fully resolved. This work analyzed several in vitro parameters and proteome of spermatozoa in bulls cataloged as high- (HF; n = 5) and low-field (LF; n = 5) fertility after more than a thousand artificial inseminations. Sperm motility was evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (mROS) of spermatozoa were assessed by flow cytometry. Proteome was evaluated by the SWATH-MS procedure. Spermatozoa of HF bulls showed significantly higher total motility than the LF group (41.4% vs 29.7%). Rates of healthy sperm (live, high MMP, and low mROS) for HF and LF bull groups were 49% and 43%, respectively (p > 0.05). Spermatozoa of HF bulls showed a higher presence of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) related to both energy production (COX7C), mainly the OXPHOS pathway, and the development of structures linked with the motility process (TPPP2, SSMEM1, and SPAG16). Furthermore, we observed that equatorin (EQTN), together with other DAPs related to the interaction with the oocyte, was overrepresented in HF bull spermatozoa. The biological processes related to protein processing, catabolism, and protein folding were found to be overrepresented in LF bull sperm in which the HSP90AA1 chaperone was identified as the most DAP. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD042286.", "claims": [{"id": "claim-method", "statement": "Transformed results comparing two levels of fertility were analyzed by a logistic regression model with elastic net penalty (ENLR) using the glmnet R package (version 4.1–2) with a train function of the caret package. Train function was utilized to obtain the values for parameters needed for the ENLR and suitable values of lambda and alpha (lambda = 0.232; alpha = 0.2). Moreover, the results were analyzed using the Limma package for R software and by making multiple comparisons with Benjamini and Hochberg (BH or FDR).", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37782577", "locator": "sections[16] \"Proteomic Data Analysis of Sperm\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Transformed results comparing two levels of fertility were analyzed by a logistic regression model with elastic net penalty (ENLR) using the glmnet R package (version 4.1–2) with a train function of the caret package. Train function was utilized to obtain the values for parameters needed for the ENLR and suitable values of lambda and alpha (lambda = 0.232; alpha = 0.2). Moreover, the results were analyzed using the Limma package for R software and by making multiple comparisons with Benjamini and Hochberg (BH or FDR)."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-data-access", "statement": "Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD042286.", "kind": "methodological", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37782577", "locator": "sections[0] \"Abstract\" paragraph 1", "quote": "Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD042286."}], "state": "complete"}, {"id": "claim-target-result", "statement": "The proteomic statistical analysis identified 73 differentially abundant proteins between high- and low-fertility bull sperm groups.", "kind": "qualitative", "target": null, "evidence": [{"asset": "source:pmid:37782577", "locator": "sections[20] \"Identification of Sperm Proteins\" paragraph 2", "quote": "Statistical analysis of the proteomic data revealed 73 DAPs, of which 36 were differentially over-represented, and 37 were differentially under-represented in sperm from HF bulls compared with LF bulls (Tables 2 and 3)."}], "state": "complete"}], "gaps": []}, "experiment": {"state": "complete", "objective": "The proteomic statistical analysis identified 73 differentially abundant proteins between high- and low-fertility bull sperm groups.", "steps": [{"id": "read_published_estimate", "order": 1, "name": "Read the published estimate from the source", "kind": "other", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The claim, method and evidence span published with the source article.", "duration_hours": null, "parameters": {}, "inputs": ["source:pmid:37782577"], "outputs": ["the published estimate and its evidence"], "instruments": [], "reagents": []}, {"id": "obtain_source_data", "order": 2, "name": "Obtain the source data from the named repository", "kind": "data-preparation", "state": "complete", "blocked_on": null, "description": "The GEO series accession resolves and its sample accessions are listed. 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